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Raziskali smo tri kultne lesene maske ljudstev Bambara ali Marka, ki živijo na območju Malija v Afriki. Maske hranijo v Slovenskem etnografskem muzeju v Ljubljani. Vse maske so okrašene s pločevino in imajo izrezljane okraske, rdeče čopke ter rogove. Cilji naloge so bili podrobno pregledati maske in ugotoviti iz kakšnega lesa so izdelane ter kako je bil les uporabljen. Najprej smo razvili in nadgradili čim manj destruktivno metodo odvzema vzorcev lesa, tako da mask pri odvzemu vzorcev nismo poškodovali. V laboratoriju smo po ustaljeni metodi izdelali preparate za mikroskopski pregled. Analizo anatomske zgradbe ter identifikacijo lesa smo opravili s pomočjo razpoložljivih kombinacijskih ključev za mikroskopsko identifikacijo lesa listavcev. Ugotovili smo, da so vse tri maske izdelane iz lesa kapokovca (Ceiba pentandra) iz družine Malvaceae. Kapokovec predstavlja kultno drevo, les pa ima nizko gostoto in homogeno zgradbo. Pomen drevesne vrste in primerne lastnosti lesa sta glavna razloga za pogosto uporabo lesa kapokovca za izdelavo mask. We have analysed three cult wooden masks of Bambara or Marka tribes, who populate the region of Mali, Africa. The masks are kept in the Slovene Ethnographic Museum in Ljubljana. They are all chiselled with ornaments and decorated with tin, red muffs and horns. The aim of the thesis was to carefully analyse the masks to determine the wood species they are made of and how was it processed. First, we developed and refined the least destructive method of obtaining the wood samples to ensure we did not damage the masks in the process. in the laboratory we prepared the slides for microscopy using the standard method. We relied on the available keys for the microscopic identification of hardwoods. We concluded that the kapok wood (Ceiba pentandra), belonging to the Malvaceae family, was used for all three masks. Kapok tree has an important role in various cults and its wood has low density and homogenous structure. These characteristics are probably the main reasons why kapok wood was selected as the material for masks. |
