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V strokovni literaturi zasledimo, da sta čezmerno hranjenje in debelost otrok in mladostnikov z motnjami v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju MDR) skrb vzbujajoč problem 21. stoletja, ki se ga strokovnjaki zavedajo in nanj opozarjajo. Debelost sodi med dejavnike tveganja za nastanek številnih bolezni in s tem posledično zmanjšanja kakovosti življenja. Kljub ukvarjanju s to perečo problematiko pri otrocih, mladostnikih in odraslih se neredko izpuščajo najranljivejše skupine, otroci in mladostniki z lažjimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju LMDR) ter otroci in mladostniki s pridruženimi motnjami. Z opredelitvijo motenj in njihovih značilnosti ter dejavnikov tveganja v povezavi s prehranjevanjem ob oceni stanja prehranjenosti in vplivom navedenega na socialno vključenost in možnost ozaveščanja je mogoče identificirati položaj učencev v Centru Janeza Levca (v nadaljevanju CJL) ter orisati vpliv čezmerne mase na sprejetost posameznika v okolju. Pri empiričnem delu raziskave smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo pedagoškega raziskovanja in kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop. Anketirali smo 104 učence z LMDR tretjega vzgojno-izobraževalnega (v nadaljevanju VIZ) obdobja z LMDR v CJL, ki obiskujejo prilagojen program z nižjim izobrazbenim standardom (v nadaljevanju PPNIS). S pomočjo anketirancev smo ugotavljali aktualno stanje prehranjenosti, vpliv stopnje prehranjenosti na socialno vključevanje, vpliv spola, starosti in pridruženosti motenj avtističnega spektra (v nadaljevanju MAS) na prehranjenost učencev z LMDR ter poznavanje in upoštevanje smernic za ohranjanje ustrezne mase anketirancev. Ugotovitve naše raziskave kažejo, da ima slabi dve tretjini anketirancev tretjega VIZ obdobja v CJL normalno telesno maso (v nadaljevanju masa), slaba petina pa jih je čezmerno hranjenih ali debelih. Starost, spol niti pridruženost MAS ne vplivajo na prehranjenost anketirancev. Podatki raziskave glede vpliva stopnje prehranjenosti in vpliva na njihovo samopodobo kažejo, da med anketiranci najmanjše zadovoljstvo z lastnim telesom in maso izkazujejo debeli otroci, najbolj so s svojo maso zadovoljni podhranjeni otroci, z lastnim telesom pa anketiranci s čezmerno maso. Zaradi številnih pozitivnih vidikov normalne mase in spodbujanja družin in posameznikov z MDR k temu bi bilo smiselno sistemsko oblikovati strategije, s katerimi bi pripomogli k spodbujanju k zdravemu načinu življenja. Research shows that overeating and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) are becoming growing issues in the twenty-first century. Obesity is a key factor for several diseases, leading to a lower quality of life. Despite the increased focus on this serious problem in children, adolescents, and adults, the most vulnerable groups, i.e., children and adolescents with mild intellectual disability (MID) and associated disorders, are often overlooked in practice. By defining disorders, their characteristics, and eating-related risk factors, and assessing the nutritional status and its impact on social inclusion and raising awareness, it was possible to assess the situation of students at the Special Education Centre Janez Levec Ljubljana (CJL) and determine the impact of excess weight on social acceptance of the individual. The empirical part of the research used the descriptive method of research. A quantitative research approach was taken. We interviewed 104 third-educational-cycle students with MID attending the adapted education programme with lower performance criteria at CJL. With the help of the respondents, we wanted to determine the following: current nutritional status the impact of nutritional status on social acceptance the impact of sex, age, and the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the nutritional status of students with MID and knowledge of and compliance with the guidelines for maintaining a healthy weight. The findings of our study showed that just under two-thirds of the CJL respondents were in the normal-weight range and that one-fifth were overfed or obese. Age, sex and associated ASD did not impact the nutritional status of the respondents. The survey data on the level of overnutrition and its impact on self-esteem showed that obese children were the least satisfied with their bodies and weight. Undernourished children were the most satisfied with their weight, while the overweight respondents were the most satisfied with their bodies. Given the many positive aspects of the normal weight range among families and individuals with ID, it would make sense to develop systemic strategies to help promote healthy lifestyles. |
