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Pomanjkanje železa je pogosto pri športnikih. Poseben izziv jim predstavlja napolnitev in vzdrževanje zalog železa samo s prehrano. Poleg uživanja železa s prehrano, nekateri športniki posegajo tudi po peroralnih prehranskih dopolnilih z železom. Ti namreč veljajo za učinkovite, so poceni in predstavljajo nizko tveganje za zdravje. Z magistrskim delom smo želeli narediti sistematičen pregled, ovrednotiti literaturo ter izvesti metaanalizo, s katero smo želeli odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali, kako in koliko prehranska dopolnila z železom vplivajo na status železa pri športnikih. Ta pregled je bil načrtovan in izveden v skladu s smernicami prednostnega poročanja za sistematične preglede in metaanalizo – PRISMA. V pregled so bile vključene raziskave na odraslih zdravih športnikih (>= 18 let), ki uživajo prehranska dopolnila z železom. V sistematičnem pregledu smo z metaanalizo ugotovili statistično značilne, a fiziološko majhne učinke uživanja prehranskih dopolnil z železom na status železa. V metaanalizo vključenih raziskavah sočasno niso izvajali nobene druge prehranske intervencije. Zaloga železa se je po dopolnjevanju v več kot 50 % raziskavah vključenih v metaanalizo povečala. Metaanaliza je pokazala tudi zmerno povečanje hemoglobina, zmanjšanje vrednosti serumskega transferina, neznatno povečanje nasičenosti transferina, in majhen pozitiven vpliv uživanja železa na vrednosti VO2max. Delo tako predstavlja sistematično izhodišče za nadaljnjo obravnavo pomanjkanja železa pri športnikih. Iron deficiency is common in athletes. Replenishment and maintain of iron stores with diet only is a special challenge for them. In addition to nutritional interventions, athletes reach for supplements with iron. They are considered to be effective, cheap, and represent a low health risk. We aimed to perform a systematic review, thus evaluate the literature, and perform meta-analysis, with which we tried to answer the question, whether, how and how much nutritional supplements with iron affect iron status in athletes. This review was planned and carried out in accordance with the priority reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis – PRISMA. The review included studies performed in healthy adult athletes (>= 18 years of age) consuming dietary supplements with iron. In a systematic review, a meta-analysis found statistically significant but physiologically small effects of iron supplementation on iron status. In the studies included in meta-analysis, no other dietary intervention was performed. In more than 50 % of studies included in meta-analysis, iron stores increased. Meta-analysis has also revealed possible moderate increase in haemoglobin, a decrease in serum transferrin, a slight increase in transport saturation, and a small positive effect of iron intake on VO2max values. The work thus represents a systematic starting point for further treatment on iron deficiency in athletes. |
