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V delu diplomskega seminarja spoznamo dokaze brez razkritja znanja. Predstavimo osnovne kriptografske pojme kot so zgoščevalne funkcije in kriptografska zaprisega, ogledamo si razliko med klasičnimi in interaktivnimi dokazi, nato pa dokaz brez razkritja znanja definiramo kot interaktiven dokaz, v katerem želi dokazovalec preverjevalca prepričati o resničnosti neke trditve, ne da bi pri tem izdal kakršnokoli dodatno informacijo o njej. V nadaljevanju prikažemo možnost transformacije določenih interaktivnih protokolov v neinteraktivne in izpeljemo dokaz, s katerim lahko zagotovimo, da število, ki ga ne razkrijemo, leži v nekem danem intervalu. Na koncu prikažemo uporabo dokazov brez razkritja znanja v financah. Ogledamo si protokol za zagotovila o tveganju pri skladih tveganega kapitala, ki predstavlja možno rešitev problematike deljenja informacij o investicijskih strategijah skladov tveganega kapitala med njihovimi upravljavci in investitorji. In this thesis we give an overview of zero-knowledge proofs. We present basic cryptographic concepts, including hash functions and cryptographic commitments. Then we take a closer look at the difference between classical and interactive proofs, followed by the definition of zero-knowledge proofs as interactive proofs in which the prover can prove to the verifier that a given statement is true without revealing any additional information about the said statement. We continue by presenting the possibility of transforming certain interactive protocols into non-interactive ones and construct a proof which shows that a non-disclosed number lies in a given interval. Finally we show how zero-knowledge proofs can be used in finance. We take a look at how the protocol for risk assurance for hedge funds is constructed and recognise it as a possible solution for the problem of sharing information between hedge fund managers and investors. |
