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Dentinska preobčutljivost je danes ena od najpogostejših težav v splošnih kliničnih zobozdravstvenih praksah, ki povzroča nelagodje in negativno vpliva na pacientovo kakovost življenja. Opredeljena je kot hitra in ostra bolečina, ki jo povzroča izpostavljen dentin zoba kot posledica odziva na vrsto termičnih, fizičnih, kemičnih in osmotskih dražljajev. Dentin postane izpostavljen zaradi izgube sklenine ali pa recesije dlesni, za kar obstaja več vzrokov. Zdravljenje in obvladovanje preobčutljivosti zob velikokrat zajemata kombinacijo več različnih terapevtskih režimov, glede na obseg in stopnjo resnosti. Navadno se začne z neinvazivnimi pristopi preden se izvede kirurške posege. Ti vključujejo predvsem izdelke za domačo uporabo, med katere spadajo tudi kozmetični izdelki za nego ustne votline. V diplomski nalogi smo proučili sestavo kozmetičnih izdelkov za zmanjševanje občutljivosti zob. V lekarnah, drogerijah in spletnih trgovinah smo izbrali 51 kozmetičnih izdelkov in pozornost posvetili njihovim kozmetično aktivnim sestavinam. Razdelili smo jih na aktivne sestavine za okluzijo dentinskih tubulov in desenzibilizacijo živcev. Zanimalo nas je tudi, katere so najpogostejše pomožne snovi, zato smo opravili pregled abrazivov, površinsko aktivnih snovi in konzervansov ter raziskali potencialne učinke rastlinskih izvlečkov. Najštevilčnejša oblika izbranih kozmetičnih izdelkov (KI) je bila pasta. Našteli smo 7 različnih skupin kozmetično aktivnih sestavin za zmanjševanje občutljivosti zob. Med KAS za okluzijo dentinskih tubulov so prevladovale kositrove soli, ki so bile prisotne v 18 % KI. Kalijeve soli so edina skupina sestavin za densibilizacijo živcev in so od vseh KAS najpogostejše (22 %). Fluoridi so bili prisotni v 57 % KI. Najpogostejši je bil natrijev fluorid, ki smo ga našteli v 43 % KI. Med abrazivi je bil najpogostejši silicijev dioksid, ki ga je vsebovalo 97 % izdelkov z abrazivi. Površinsko aktivne snovi (PAS) smo razdelili glede na naboj, in sicer na 7 anionskih, 6 neionskih in eno amfoterno. Slednja je kokamidopropil betain, ki je bila tudi najpogostejša PAS (35 %). 63 % KI je vsebovalo konzervanse. Med njimi je prevladoval natrijev benzoat, ki je bil prisoten v 41 % KI. V pregledanih KI smo našteli več kot 30 različnih rastlinskih izvlečkov in eteričnih olj. Nekateri kažejo potencial za zmanjševanje dentinske preobčutljivosti. Dentine hypersensitivity is one of the most common problems in general clinical dentistry today, causing discomfort and negatively affecting patient's quality of life. It is characterised as short and sharp pain arising from exposed dentine in response to an array of thermal, mechanical, chemical and osmotic stimuli. Dentine becomes exposed due to enamel loss or gum recession, the causes of which are many. The treatment and management of tooth sensitivity often involves a combination of several different therapeutic regimens, depending on the extent and degree of severity. Non-invasive approaches are usually used first before surgical procedures are performed. These mainly include products for at-home use, which also include cosmetic products for maintaining oral health. In the diploma thesis, we studied the composition of cosmetic products for reducing teeth sensitivity. We randomly selected 51 cosmetic products from pharmacies, drugstores and online stores and focused on their cosmetically active ingredients. We devided them into agents for dental tubule occlusion and for nerve desenzitation. We also took a look at the most common auxiliary substances, namely abrasives, surfactants, preservatives and investigated the potential effects of plant extracts. Paste was the most prevalent form of selected cosmetic products We have listed 7 different groups of cosmetically active ingredients for reducing tooth sensitivity. Among agents for tubule occlusion dominated stannous salts, which were present in 18 % of products. Potassium salts are the only agents for nerve desensitization and are also the largest group of active ingredients (22 %). Fluorides were present in 57 % products. The most common was sodium fluoride, which we listed in 42 % of products. Among abrasives, sodium dioxide was the most common and which we listed in 97 % of the products with abrasives. We devided surfactants by charge into 7 anionic, 6 nonionic and one amphoteric. The latter is cocamidopropyl betaine, which was the most common surfactant (35 %). 63 % of products contained preservatives. Amongts them dominated sodium benzoate, which was present in 41 % of cosmetic products. We have listed more than 30 different plant extracts and essential oils. Some show potential for reducing dentine hypersensitivity. |
