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Trend oskrbe starih ljudi se iz institucionalne oskrbe premika v skupnost. Danes velik delež starih ljudi tudi v pozni starosti biva v domačem okolju, ki pogosto ne zagotavlja primernih pogojev za varno in samostojno preživljanje starosti. Posledično morajo sčasoma nekateri od njih, kljub svoji želji starost preživeti v domačem okolju, sprejeti alternativno obliko oskrbe. Ker se v prihodnosti pričakuje, da bodo ljudje svojo starost preživeli v domačem okolju, kjer bo zagotovljena vsa potrebna pomoč in podpora za aktivno in varno staranje, je potrebno pozornost nameniti tudi vprašanju primernosti stanovanj za preživljanje starosti. V svojemu pričujočem delu se ukvarjam z vprašanjem, kako lahko skupnostne oblike pomoči prispevajo pri reševanju težav neprilagojenih stanovanj, kakšne so ovire na področju prilagoditve stanovanj v starosti ter kakšne so možnosti nadaljnjega razvoja na tem področju v Sloveniji. V prvem delu naloge predstavim proces deinstitucionalizacije in aktivno staranje v skupnosti, stiske starega človeka v domačem okolju in pomen stanovanja za aktivno staranje, sistemske ureditve področja prilagoditve stanovanj v tujini in pri nas, vlogo socialnega dela pri načrtovanju življenja v domačem okolju in priporočila za ureditev stanovanja staremu človeku. V drugem, empiričnem delu predstavim metodologijo in rezultate kvalitativne raziskave, ki sem jo opravila s štirimi strokovnimi delavkami in tremi prostovoljkami Društva upokojencev Celje, ki obiskujejo stare ljudi na njihovih domovih in jim zagotavljajo podporo in pomoč v okviru programa Starejši za starejše. Kot metodo zbiranja podatkov sem uporabila intervju, za merski pripomoček sem uporabila vprašalnik, ki je služil kot vodilo o temah. Ugotovila sem, da splošnega kriterija primernega stanovanja ni mogoče postaviti, saj se ta razlikuje pri vsakem posamezniku in tudi ljudje različno definirajo primerno stanovanje. Ugotovila sem, da je mreža izvajalcev in strokovnih služb dobro razvita in sodeluje. Največ ovir se kaže v pomanjkanju načrtovanja med starimi ljudmi, pomanjkanju povezave in prenosa informacij med prostovoljci in strokovnimi službami ter pomanjkanju zakonodajne osnove za zagotovitev finančnih sredstev in pri vključitvi ustreznega za načrtovanje in izvedbo prilagoditev stanovanj. Eden večjih prispevkov države na tem področju se kaže v predvidenem sprejemu Zakona o dolgotrajni oskrbi, ki naj bi zagotovil finančna sredstva za namen prilagoditve stanovanj, osnovanih na pravici posameznika. Velik potencial pa se kaže tudi v uveljavitvi svetovalnic, ki bi zagotovile celostno obravnavno problematike v skupnosti. The trend of care for the elderly is shifting from institutional care to community. Today a large proportion of elderly people also live in a home environment at a later age, which often does not provide suitable conditions for safe and independent living. As a result, over time, some of them, despite their desire, have to spend their old age in a home environment, adopting an alternative form of care. Because in the future, people are expected to spend their old age in a home environment where all the necessary help and support for active and safe aging will be provided, it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of the suitability of housing for old age. In my work, I address the question of how Community forms of assistance can contribute to solving the problems of unadapted housing, what are the barriers to adaptation elderly housing, and what are the possibilities for further development in this field in Slovenia. In the first part of the thesis, I present the process of deinstitutionalization and active aging in the community, the plight of the elderly in the home environment and the importance of housing for active aging, systemic arrangements for the adaptation of housing abroad and inSlovenia, the role of social work in planning a life in the home environment and recommendations for arranging to the house for the elderly. In the second, empirical part, I present the methodology and results of qualitative research that I did with four professionals and three volunteers from the Pensioners' Association Celje, who, as part of the Seniors for Seniors program, visits elderly people in their homes and provides them with support and assistance. As a method of data collection, I used an interview, for a measuring tool I used a questionnaire that served as a guide on topics. I found out, that the general criterion of suitable housing cannot be set, as this differs in each individual and also people define a suitable apartment differently. I have found that the network of contractors and professional services is well developed and cooperating. The biggest obstacles are the lack of planning among older people, the lack of connection and transfer of information between volunteers and professional services, and the lack of a legislative basis to provide funding and the inclusion of appropriate planning and implementation for housing adjustment. One of the major contributions of the state in this area is reflected in the planned adoption of the Long-Term Care Act, which is supposed to provide funding for the purpose of housing adjustment based on the rights of the individual. But there is great potential also in the establishment of counseling centers that provide comprehensive treatment of issues in the community. |
