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Mendel je kot utemeljitelj sodobne genetike odkril povezavo med lastnostmi in njihovim prenosom na potomce. Kasneje so odkrili molekulo DNA, ki omogoča prenos dednih informacij. Tako so mnoge lastnosti lahko razložene s poznavanjem genskega ozadja. Določeni geni, kot so naprimer Rht geni, ki vplivajo na višino pšenice so človeštvu omogočili prehransko varnost. Določeni geni pri korenju kodirajo naprimer encime potrebne v biosintezni poti karotenoidov. Medtem ima pri tvorbi antocianov močan vpliv gen, ki posredno vpliva na biosintezo antocianov. Tako obstaja korenje od vijolične, rumene, bele in do oranžne barve, kar je lahko posebej zanimivo za trg. Podobno so za trg zanimive različne oblike plodov, kot je to dobro poznano pri paradižniku. Raziskave so pokazale, da na obliko paradižnika vpliva več genov, ki imajo različno močan vpliv in tako omogočajo nastanek od sploščene do podolgovate oblike plodu paradižnika. S poznavanjem genskega ozadja določenih lastnosti pa lahko vplivamo na gospodarnost pridelave določene vrste. Tak primer je soja, ki načeloma vsebuje relativno velike količine tripsin in kimotripsin inhibitorjev, kot so KTi in BBI, ki ji znižujejo prehransko vrednost. Vendar je prišlo do mutacije, ki je znižala vsebnost teh inhibitorjev in s tem povečala prebavljivost. To lastnost je za splošno uporabnost potrebno dožlahtniti. Obstaja torej veliko lastnosti, ki vplivajo na naš vsakdan in so posledica delovanja in interakcije genov. As the founder of modern genetics, Mendel discovered the connection between traits and their transfer to offspring. Later, a DNA molecule was discovered that enables the transmission of hereditary information. Thus, many traits can be explained by the knowledge of the genetic background. Certain genes, such as the Rht genes, which influence wheat height, have provided the human population with sufficient food. Certain genes in carrots encode enzymes that are needed for the biosynthetic pathways of carotenoids. Meanwhile, anthocyanin gene formation has a strong influence on a gene that indirectly influences the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. For example, carrots are available in purple, yellow, white and orange colours, which may be of particular interest to the market. Different fruit forms are also of interest for the market, as is known for tomatoes. Research has shown that the shape of the tomato fruit is influenced by several genes that act in different ways to produce a flattened to elongated shape of tomato fruit. By knowing the genetic background of certain traits, we can influence the economics of producing a particular species. One such example is soy, which in principle contains relatively large amounts of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors such as KTi and BBI, which reduce its nutritional value. However, a mutation has occurred which has reduced the content of these inhibitors and thus increased digestibility, a property that needs to be refined for general use. So there are many traits that influence our daily life and are due to the genes. |
