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V diplomskem delu obravnavamo razsoljevanje vode s postopkom reverzne osmoze. Spoznali smo membranske tehnologije in tlačno gnane membranske procese. Proučili smo postopek reverzne osmoze in njene teoretične osnove. Na laboratorijskem pilotnem merilnem sistemu smo izvajali meritve razsoljevanja vodnih raztopin NaCl in KNO3 pod različnimi obratovalnimi pogoji. Meritve smo opravili na dveh različnih membranah. Spremljali smo spreminjanje prevodnosti vode na strani permeata in retentata pod različnimi vstopnimi pogoji. Izvedli smo preračun poteka diafiltracije za obravnavan sistem in predstavili rezultate za dve različni slanosti in dva različna obratovalna tlaka pri vsaki membrani. Dokazali smo, da lahko z uporabo visokoprepustne membrane pri obratovalnih tlakih pod 5 bar dosegamo potrebno stopnjo zadrževanja soli za znižanje prevodnosti na strani permeata pod 2000 ppm, kar pomeni visoke prihranke energije pri razsoljevanju vode z nižjo koncentracijo soli. This paper deals with the desalination of water by reverse osmosis. We learned about membrane technologies and pressure-driven membrane processes. We have studied the process of reverse osmosis and its theoretical basis. The laboratory pilot measurement system was used to measure the desalination of aqueous NaCl and KNO3 solutions under different operating conditions. Measurements were taken on two different membranes. We monitored the change in water conductivity on the permeate and retentate sides under different inlet conditions. We performed a calculation of the diafiltation process for the system under consideration and presented the results for two different saltiness and two different operating pressures in each handmread. We have demonstrated that by using a high permeable membrane at operating pressures below 5 bar we can achieve the necessary level of salt retention to reduce the conductivity on the permeate side below 2000 ppm, which means high energy savings in water desalination with a lower salt concentration. |
