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Čeprav povečana telesna aktivnost pozitivno vpliva tako na počutje kot tudi na zdravje in na sam razvoj telesa, so v športu poškodbe neizogibne. Športnih poškodb je zelo veliko, predvsem poškodb spodnjega uda. Prevladujejo poškodbe kolena in gležnja, poškodb kolka je nekoliko manj. Poleg tega pa so poškodbe kolena tudi ene izmed najpogostejših poškodb v športu nasploh, saj predstavljajo kar dvajset odstotkov vseh poškodb. Športne poškodbe definiramo kot poškodbe, ki so se zgodile med športno aktivnostjo. Poškodbe delimo na akutne in kronične. Akutne poškodbe se zgodijo v trenutku, kot na primer zvin gležnja, kronične poškodbe pa so prisotne dalj časa in nastanejo zaradi konstantnega obremenjevanja določenega dela telesa, ki čez čas podleže prevelikim obremenitvam in se kaže kot bolečina med izvajanjem športne aktivnosti. Kljub temu, da je športnih poškodb veliko, je za doseganje dobrega tekmovalnega uspeha pomembno, da pozornost namenimo tudi sami preventivi pred športnimi poškodbami, poteku zdravljenja in pa sami rehabilitaciji po poškodbah. Pozitivnih učinkov vode so se zavedali že stari Grki in Rimljani, saj so vodo uporabljali tako za ohranjanje kot tudi za povrnitev zdravja, v obliki raznih kopeli, prh in škropljenj z vodo. Hidroterapija pomeni zdravljenje z vodo oziroma izkoriščanje pozitivnih učinkov vode v zdravstvene namene. Vodno okolje zaradi svojih pozitivnih učinkov na telo predstavlja široko paleto terapevtske uporabnosti v rehabilitacijskih programih, hkrati pa zaradi svojih hidrodinamičnih in hidrostatičnih lastnosti omogoča gibanje še tako poškodovanih, oslabelih in bolečih delov telesa. Vadba v vodi danes predstavlja del programa rehabilitacije po poškodbah spodnjega uda, saj zaradi svojih pozitivnih učinkov na telo omogoča hitrejšo povrnitev zdravja in okrevanja po poškodbah ter vrnitev v vsakdanje življenje in nadaljevanje športnega udejstvovanja. Temeljni cilj in namen magistrskega dela je bil predstaviti in opredeliti športne poškodbe spodnjega uda ter predstaviti vadbo v vodi in preučiti uporabnost le te ter izdelati primer programa vadbe v vodi po poškodbi spodnjega uda, prav tako pa raziskati in predstaviti primerjavo rehabilitacije v vodi in rehabilitacije na kopnem po rekonstrukciji sprednje križne vezi. Za izdelavo magistrske naloge smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo in pregledali domačo in tujo strokovno literaturo s pomočjo različnih medijev. Although increased physical activity positively affects well-being, health, as well as body development itself, injuries are inevitable in sports. There are many sports injuries, especially lower limb injuries. Knee and ankle injuries are predominant, with hip injuries somewhat less common. In addition, knee injuries are one of the most common injuries in sports overall, accounting for about twenty percent of all injuries. Sports injuries are defined as injuries that occurred during a sports activity. They are divided into acute and chronic. Acute injuries, such as an ankle sprain, occur in an instant, while chronic injuries present themselves over time and occur due to a constant strain on some body part, which eventually succumbs to the excessive burden and manifests as pain during a sports activity. Despite there being many sports injuries, it is vital that in order to achieve good competitive success, we pay attention also to sports injury prevention, the course of treatment, and rehabilitation itself. The ancient Greeks and Romans were already aware of the positive effects of water, as they used water to both preserve and restore health in the form of various baths, showers and water sprays. Hydrotherapy is therapy with water, which takes advantage of the positive effects of water for medical purposes. Due to its positive effects on the body, the aquatic environment represents a wide range of therapeutic applications in rehabilitation programs, while simultaneously enabling the movement of even severely damaged, weakened or painful body parts, due to its hydrodynamic and hydrostatic properties. Exercise in water today represents a part of rehabilitation after lower limb injuries, since its positive effects on the body allow for faster restoration of health and recovery after injury, as well as return to everyday life and continued sports activity. The core goal and purpose of the master's thesis was to present and define sports injuries of the lower limb, to present exercise in water and study its applicability, to make an example program of exercise in water after lower limb injury, and also to research and present a comparison of rehabilitation in water and rehabilitation on land after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We used the descriptive method in preparation of the master's thesis, and reviewed both domestic and foreign scientific literature with the help of various mediums. |
