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Beg možganov je posebna oblika migracije, njeni predstavniki pa so visoko izobraženi posamezniki, ki se za selitev odločijo iz specifičnih razlogov (graditev kariere, nadaljevanje izobrazbe, ipd.). Z begom možganov lahko povežemo tudi procese kroženja možganov, izgube možganov in pridobitve možganov, tako kot procesa asimilacije, integracije in pojem multikulturnosti. Problematika bega možganov je prisotna v več državah, med drugim tudi na Hrvaškem. Hrvaška je tradicionalno emigracijska država s številčno diasporo po svetu, največ njenih predstavnikov danes živi v ZDA in Nemčiji. Prebivalstvo se je iz Hrvaške selilo v več valovih skozi zgodovino, beg možganov pa je proces, ki je v državi bolj opazen predvsem v zadnjih 30-ih letih. Beg možganov ima pozitivne in negativne posledice tako na državo imigracije kot na državo emigracije. Njegov vpliv se kaže predvsem v pomanjkanju visoko izobraženega strokovnega kadra in nazadovanju v gospodarskem razvoju. Beg možganov pa lahko postane tudi pozitiven proces, če se pretvori v kroženje možganov in izseljenci z matično državo sodelujejo ter delijo svoja novo pridobljena znanja in veščine iz tujine. Brain drain is a special form of migration. Its representatives are highly educated individuals who decide to move for specific reasons (career building, continuation of education, etc.). Brain drain can also be associated with the processes of brain circulation, brain waste and brain gain, as well as assimilation, integration and the concept of multiculturalism. The brain drain issue is present in several countries, including Croatia. Croatia is traditionally a country of emigration with a large diaspora around the world. Most of its representatives today live in the USA and Germany. Throughout the history, the population has migrated from Croatia in several waves. In the last 30 years, higher occurrence of brain drain can be noticed. Brain drain has positive and negative consequences for the country of immigration as well as the country of emigration. Its impact is mainly reflected in the lack of highly qualified professional staff and the regress of economy. Brain drain can also become a positive process if it turns into brain circulation and emigrants cooperate with their home country and share newly-acquired knowledge and skills they gained abroad. |
