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Uvod: Demenca predstavlja enega največjih izzivov zdravstvenega in socialnega varstva v 21. stoletju. Pomemben del zdravstvene obravnave pacienta je ohranjanje gibanja oziroma mobilnosti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opredeliti vlogo zdravstvene nege pri ohranjanju mobilnosti pacienta z demenco v multidisciplinarnem timu in izpostaviti pomen sodelovanja z drugimi strokovnjaki v zdravstveni obravnavi. Metode dela: Za izdelavo diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s sistematičnim pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature. Pri iskanju literature sta bili uporabljeni bibliografski bazi Pubmed in Google Schoolar. Ključne besede in besedne zveze pri iskanju literature so bile: dementia/demenca, multidisciplinary/multidisciplinarnost, care/nega, nursing care/zdravstvena nega, psychiatric nursing/psihiatrična zdravstvena nega, mental illness/duševna bolezen, elderly/starostnik, move/ing/gibanje, physical activity/fizična aktivnost. Iskanje literature je potekalo od novembra 2018 do aprila 2019. Rezultati: Demenca je dejavnik tveganja za razvoj otežene mobilnosti, saj pacient zaradi okrnjenih kognitivnih procesov težje načrtuje, presoja in nadzoruje svoje gibanje. Tako demenca kot otežena mobilnost hkrati predstavljata pomemben dejavnik tveganja za padce, katerih posledice so lahko tudi usodne. Ohranjanje mobilnosti zahteva iskanje optimalnega razmerja med varovalnimi ukrepi na eni strani ter spodbujanjem fizične aktivnosti na drugi strani. Zaradi kompleksnosti tega je pri snovanju intervencij v obliki identifikacije in upravljanja dejavnikov tveganja ter razvoju varovalnih dejavnikov potreben multidisciplinaren pristop, v katerem ima zdravstvena nega pomembno vlogo. Razprava in zaključek: Kljub zavedanju pomena sodelovanja in timskega dela pri ohranjanju mobilnosti pri pacientu z demenco je multidisciplinarni pristop v praksi redko uresničen. Potrebne bi bile raziskave, ki bi identificirale vzroke in težave uresničevanja multidisciplinarnega pristopa v praksi, da bi lahko oblikovali ustrezne rešitve. Introduction: Dementia is one of the greatest challenges of health and social care in the 21st century. An important part of the patient's medical treatment is to maintain movement or mobility. Purpose: The purpose of the bachelor’s thesis is to define the role of nursing care in maintaining the mobility of a patient with dementia in a multidisciplinary approach and to highlight the importance of working with other experts in the medical treatment. Methods of work: A descriptive method of working with a systematic review of scientific and technical literature was used to produce the bachelor’s thesis. Bibliographic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used to find literature. Keywords and phrases in the search for literature were: dementia, multidisciplinary/multidisciplinarity, care/nursing, nursing care/psychiatric nursing, mental illness/elderly, movement, physical activity. The search for literature took place from November 2018 to April 2019. Results: Dementia is a risk factor for the decline in mobility because the patient plans, assesses, and controls his movements more difficult due to cognitive impairment. Dementia and decline mobility, at the same time, represent an important risk factor for falls, the consequences of which may also be fatal. Maintaining mobility requires finding the optimal relationship between safeguards on the one hand and promoting physical activity on the other. Due to the complexity of this, interdisciplinary approach in the form of identification and management of risk factors and the development of protective factors requires a multidisciplinary approach in which nursing plays an important role. Discussion and conclusion: In spite of the awareness of the importance of cooperation and teamwork in maintaining mobility in a patient with dementia, a multidisciplinary approach is rarely realized in practice. Research needs to be identified to identify the causes and problems of achieving a multidisciplinary approach in practice in order to develop appropriate solutions. |
