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Doktorska disertacija obravnava povezavo med evangelizacijo in Cerkvijo preko sodobnih sredstev družbene komunikacije. Evangelizacija je oznanjevanje Kristusa kot Odrešenika in Gospoda vsakemu človeku. V sekularizirani zahodnoevropski družbi je krščanstvo zapadlo v krizo identitete. Zaradi tega je nova evangelizacija aktualna tema v sodobnem svetu. Cilj nove evangelizacije je oznanjevanje evangelija, ki ima moč spremeniti in prenoviti človeško srce v srečanju z živim Kristusom. Sodobno koncilsko in postkoncilsko razumevanje koncepta evangelizacije je povezano s celostnim poslanstvom Cerkve. Pobudnik Evangelii nuntiandi jasno pove, da je evangelizacija del procesa spreobrnjenja, ki se začne s prvim oznanjevanjem evangelija in se nadaljuje v vedno globlji potopitvi v skrivnost Božje ljubezni. Evangelizacija se začne z delovanjem Svetega Duha po oznanjevanju besede dobre novice. Nova evangelizacija je usmerjena predvsem v Cerkev samo. Evangelizacija izvira iz evangelija, ki ga je treba oznanjati po vseh komunikacijskih kanalih. Nauk Cerkve ugotavlja, da so zgodnji kristjani oznanjali dobro novico s pričevanjem (martyria), z oznanilom (kerygma), zakramentalnim obhajanjem (leiturgia), bratsko ljubeznijo (koinonia) in s priprošnjo za družbo (diakonia). Evangelizacijo je mogoče doseči s pričevanjem življenja, z živim oznanjevanjem, oznanjevanjem evangelija, s katehezo, z uporabo družbenih medijev, izkušnjo lastne vere, zakramentov in ljudske religioznosti. Pomembno je najti ustrezno obliko komuniciranja in uporabe medijev, ki so primerni sodobnemu trenutku. Od ust do ust prek pisane besede, od tiskanih knjig do množičnih medijev, je cerkev vedno uporabljala nove oblike komuniciranja. Elektronski mediji, kot so radio, film in televizija, so bili predhodniki novih medijev (interneta in družbenih omrežij), ki jih je mogoče uporabiti v sodobni evangelizaciji. Disertacija obravnava socialne medije in njihovo uporabo v župnijskih skupnostih. Pojav novih medijev ni ustvaril le novih oblik komuniciranja, temveč tudi nove kulture. Danes se vse več pozornosti namenja samim komunikacijskim procesom, ki spreminjajo stališča in vedenja posameznika in družbe kot celote. Prvi Areopag moderne dobe je svet komunikacij, ki ustvarja »globalno vas« (RM 37). V takem okolju se pojavljajo novi digitalni mediji, ki se lahko uporabljajo v evangelizacijskih storitvah, kot so e-pošta, klepetalnice, blogi, forumi, družbeni mediji ali spletna mesta. Socialni mediji so privlačni zaradi nizke cene, zadostne kakovosti, hitrosti in razpoložljivosti. Zato lahko pričakujemo, da bodo družbeni mediji prevzeli prevladujočo vlogo na področju komuniciranja. Svet družbenih omrežij je poln pestre palete platform, ki omogočajo različne oblike dejavnosti in interakcij. Socialna omrežja so danes postala nepogrešljiv medij v komunikaciji sodobne družbe. Postali so globalni medij, ki ni omejen s krajem, časom ali statusom. Njihova priljubljenost je odvisna od prilagajanja in razvoja novih tehničnih rešitev za izpolnjevanje novih potreb uporabnikov. Cilj je pritegniti nove uporabnike. Čeprav so v današnjem času dejavna številna družbena omrežja, so v diplomskem delu predstavljene možnosti nekaterih pomembnih družbenih omrežij, kot so Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Google Plus, Tumblr. Komunikacijo, ki poteka v tem prostoru, dnevno obišče na stotine milijonov ljudi po vsem svetu. Cerkev prek novih medijev vpliva na dojemanje, ki ga ima v družbi, vendar tudi Cerkev uporablja medije v svojih evangelizacijskih misijonskih dejavnostih. Cerkev mora prepoznati svojo vlogo v virtualnem svetu digitalnih tehnologij in razpoložljivih priložnosti. Uporaba elektronskih družbenih medijev pri novi evangelizaciji ne posega v temeljne teološke postulate, ampak uresničuje načelo sodelovanja med vero in realnimi možnostmi, kjer je delovanje Svetega Duha ključni element pri oznanjevanju evangelija. Jezus Kristus še danes deluje v Cerkvi po Svetem Duhu. Brez tega učinkovita evangelizacija ni mogoča. Cerkev ima vsa potrebna »orodja« za oznanjevanje evangelija. Današnji sodobni mediji predstavljajo nedeljske pridige, ne samo med nedeljskim bogoslužjem, ampak kadarkoli in kjerkoli. Mediji se lahko uporabljajo kot orodje za vsakodnevno duhovno rast posameznika, preko duhovnih misli in kateheze. Cerkev še ni izkoristila vseh možnosti, ki jih ponujajo novi mediji. Današnji mediji zahtevajo odprtost in dinamiko v komunikaciji, zato je treba evangelijsko sporočilo posredovati »v sodobnem jeziku prek sodobnih medijev« z veliko slikami in video posnetki ter manjšo količino besedilnih sporočil. Na ta način bi lahko evangelijsko sporočilo doseglo široke množice ljudi in bi bilo hkrati spodbudno za vse. V sodobnem digitalnem kibernetskem prostoru pastorala poteka tudi na spletu, kar ponuja številne priložnosti in izzive. Cerkev poleg uradne spletne strani uporablja tudi več strani, ki ponujajo krščansko vsebino, obveščajo o delu verskih institucij, cerkvenih združenj in organizacij. Številne župnijske skupnosti imajo svojo spletno stran, ki ponuja informacije in duhovne vsebine, povezane z življenjem in delom same župnijske skupnosti. Cerkev s svojimi dejavnostmi in prizadevanji v kibernetskem prostoru ustvarja platformo, ki ni omejena na nekaj ljudi, temveč na občinstvo vsega sveta. Na ta način lahko dobre novice dosežejo vsa področja, ki jih pokriva internet. Skozi njo je možno, da vsakdanji virtualni prostori postanejo kot rimski forum, stičišče, ki ga Cerkev dodatno »zakramentalizira« in posveča s sporočilom evangelija. Poleg tega je doktorska disertacija raziskala uporabo spletnih strani in družbenih omrežij pri delu župnijskih skupnostih. Analizirane so bile vse župnijske spletne strani Katoliške in Evangeličanske cerkve AV v Sloveniji. Raziskali smo prisotnost spletnih strani, njihove posodobitve, prisotnost evangelizacijskih in informativnih vsebin, interaktivnost in uporabo socialnih omrežij. Raziskave so pokazale, da je na vseh področjih mogoče doseči pomemben napredek. V pomoč v tej smeri je ta disertacija predlagala konceptualni model župnijske spletne strani in pastoralni model »soli v kibernetskem prostoru«. Predlagani koncept in model je mogoče uporabiti za župnijsko pastoralo Katoliške in Evangeličanske cerkve v Republiki Sloveniji, kar bo povečalo uspešnost evangelizacijskega poslanstva Cerkve. The doctoral dissertation deals with the connection between evangelization and the Church through modern means of social communication. Evangelization is a proclamation of Christ as Savior and Lord to every human. In a secularized Western European society, Christianity has fallen into an identity crisis. Because of that, new evangelization is a relevant topic in the modern world. The goal of new evangelization is to proclaim the gospel, which has the power to change and renew the human heart in the encounter with the living Christ. The modern conciliar and post-conciliar understanding of the concept of evangelization is linked to the overall mission of the Church. The initiator Evangelii nuntiandi clearly states that evangelization is part of the process of conversion that begins with the first proclamation of the gospel and continues in an ever-deeper immersion in the mystery of God's love. Evangelization begins with the action of the Holy Spirit through the proclamation of the word of the good news. The new evangelization is directed primarily to the Church itself. Evangelization has its origin in the gospel, which must be proclaimed through all communication channels. The Church's teaching notes that the early Christians proclaimed the good news by witness (martyria), proclamation (kerygma), sacramental celebration (leiturgia), brotherly love (koinonia), and intercession for society (diakonia). Evangelization can be accomplished through the testimony of life, living preaching, preaching the gospel, catechesis, the use of social media, the experience of one's own faith, the sacraments, and popular religiosity. It is important to find the appropriate form of communication and use of media that are appropriate to the modern moment. From word of mouth through the written word, from printed books to the mass media, the church always used new forms of communication. Electronic media such as radio, film, and television were the forerunners to the new media (internet and social networks) which can be used in modern evangelization. This dissertation deals with the topic of social media and its use in parish communities. The emergence of new media did not create just new forms of communication, but also new cultures. Today, more and more attention is paid to the communication processes themselves, which changes the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and society as a whole. The first Areopagus of the modern age is the world of communications, which is creating a “global village” (RM 37). In such an environment, new digital media are emerging and can be used in evangelization services such as email, chat rooms, blogs, forums, social media, or websites. Social media is attractive because of its low price, sufficient quality, speed, and availability. Therefore, social media can be expected to take a dominant role in the field of communication. The world of social networks abounds with a diverse range of platforms that allow for different forms of activity and interaction. Today, social networks have become an indispensable medium in the communication of modern society. They have become a global medium that is not limited by place, time, or status. Their popularity depends on the adaptation and development of new technical solutions in order to meet new needs of users. The goal is to attract new users. Although many social networks are active nowadays, this dissertation presents the possibilities of some important social networks such as Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Google Plus, Tumblr. The communication that takes place in this space is visited daily by hundreds of millions of people around the world. Through new media, the Church influences the perception that it has in society, but also Church uses media in its evangelistic mission activities. The church needs to recognize its role in the virtual world of digital technologies and available opportunities. The use of electronic social media in new evangelization does not encroach on fundamental theological postulates but implements the principle of cooperation between faith and real possibilities, where the action of the Holy Spirit is a key element in proclaiming the gospel. Jesus Christ still works in the Church today by the Holy Spirit. Effective evangelization is not be possible without it. The church has all the necessary "tools" to preach the gospel. Today’s modern media presents Sunday sermons, not only during Sunday worship, but anytime and anywhere. The media can be used as a tool for the daily spiritual growth of the individual, through spiritual thoughts and catechesis. The church has not yet used all the possibilities offered by new media. Today’s media demands openness and dynamism in communication, which is why the gospel message needs to be conveyed “in modern language through modern media” with many images and videos and a smaller amount of text messages. In this way, the gospel message could reach broad masses of people, and at the same time be encouraging for everyone. In the modern digital cyberspace, pastoral care also takes place on the web, which offers many opportunities and challenges. In addition to the official website, the church uses several pages that offer Christian content, informing about the work of religious institutions, church associations, and organizations. Many parish communities have their own website that offer its information and spiritual content related to the life and work of the parish community itself. Through its activities and efforts in cyberspace, the church creates a platform that is not limited to a few people, but an audience for the whole world. In this way, the good news can reach all areas covered by the internet. Through it, it is possible for everyday virtual spaces to become like a Roman forum, a meeting place that the Church further "sacramentalizes" and dedicates with the message of the gospel. Additionally, this doctoral dissertation researched the use of internet websites and social networks in the work of parish communities. All parish websites of the Catholic and Evangelical Church AC in Slovenia were analyzed. The presence of websites, their updates, the presence of evangelistic and informational content, interactivity, and the use of social networks were investigated. Research has shown that significant progress can be made in all areas. To help in this direction, this dissertation proposed a conceptual model of the parish website and a pastoral model of “salt in cyberspace.” The proposed concept and model can be applied to the parish pastoral care of the Catholic and Evangelical Church in the Republic of Slovenia, which will increase the success of the Church's evangelistic mission. |
