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Sladkorna bolezen je kronična, napredujoča bolezen, za katero so značilne povišane ravni glukoze v krvi. Heterogena etiopatologija vključuje okvare izločanja inzulina, delovanja inzulina ter motnje v presnovi ogljikovih hidratov, maščob in beljakovin. Sladkorna bolezen vseh vrst lahko privede do zapletov na mnogih delih telesa in lahko poveča splošno tveganje za prezgodnjo smrt. Zapleti sladkorne bolezni pomembno vplivajo na posameznike, njihov vpliv pa je zaradi razsežnosti problema čutiti tudi na ravni populacije. Sladkorna bolezen je resna grožnja za zdravje prebivalstva. Zmanjšanje pojavnosti ali preprečevanje razvoja sladkorne bolezni, poleg farmakološkega načina, zahteva tudi spremembo življenjskega sloga. Poleg pravilne prehrane je v boju proti sladkorni bolezni pomembna tudi telesna aktivnost. Vadba v vodi je koristna pri rehabilitaciji bolnikov z mišično-skeletnimi težavami, nevrološkimi težavami, kardiopulmonalno patologijo ali motnjami v presnovi. Poznavanje teh bioloških učinkov lahko pomaga usposobljenemu kineziologu ustvariti optimalen načrt vadbe z ustreznimi prilagoditvami vodne aktivnosti, npr. temperaturo vode, globino vode in trajanjem ter intenzivnostjo vadbe. Vodna terapija je zaradi velike terapevtske varnosti in klinične prilagodljivosti zelo uporabno rehabilitacijsko orodje. Z boljšim razumevanjem hidrodinamičnega učinka vode lahko kineziolog strukturira ustrezne terapevtske programe za raznoliko populacijo bolnikov. Namen magistrskega dela je bil opisati vpliv vadbe v vodi na lašanje in zdravljenje sladkornih zapletov in ponuditi alternativno fizično aktivnost osebam, ki zaradi zapletov sladkorne bolezni niso zmožne izvajati fizične aktivnosti na kopnem. Potrebno je dvigniti raven ozaveščenosti za zaplete sladkorne bolezni in opozoriti na vsakodnevne težave s katerimi se srečujejo ljudje s sladkorno boleznijo. V procesu pisanja magistrske naloge je bila v pomoč domača in tuja literatura, zlasti znanstveni članki na temo: »Exercise in Water and Diabetes«, »Aquatics Exercise and Diabetes« in »Diabetes and Exercise«. V uvodnem delu magistrske naloge sem kot širše področje raziskovanja izdelal pregled pojavnosti sladkorne bolezni, tipov sladkorne bolezni, zapletov ki nastanejo zaradi sladkorne bolezni ter o vadbi v vodi in učinkih vadbe v vodi na telo. V glavnem delu magistrske naloge sem na podlagi znanstvenih člankov opisal vpliv vadbe v vodi na zmanjševanje in preprečevanje zapletov sladkorne bolezni in vpliv vadbe v vodi na osebe s sladkorno boleznijo. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, characterized by increased blood glucose. Heterogeneous etiopathology includes impaired insulin secretion, its action, or both and impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. All types of diabetes can lead to complications in many parts of the body, and thus increase the overall risk of premature death. Complications have a very negative effect on people with diabetes, and the impact of complications can be felt in the population as a whole. In addition to the pharmacological treatment regimen, lifestyle changes also play a role in reducing or preventing diabetes. Along with proper nutrition, organized physical activity is important in the fight against diabetes. Exercise in water is useful in rehabilitating patients with musculoskeletal problems, neurological problems, cardiopulmonary pathology, or metabolic disorders. Knowing these biological effects can help a skilled kinesiologist create an optimal treatment plan with appropriate adjustments to water activity, e.g. water temperature, water depth, duration and exercise intensity. Water therapy is a very useful rehabilitation tool due to its great therapeutic safety and clinical flexibility. With a better understanding of the hydrodinamics effects of water, the kinesiologist can structure appropriate therapeutic programs for a diverse patient population. The aim of this master's thesis was to describe the impact of exercise in water on the relief and treatment for diabetes complications and to offer alternative physical activity for people who are incapable of being physically active on land due to complications they experience, to raise awareness of the complications of diabetes and the daily problems people with diabetes are facing. In the process of writing the master's thesis, we used domestic and foreign literature to help, especially scientific papers entitled »Exercise in Water and Diabetes«, »Aquatics Exercise and Diabetes«, »Diabetes and Exercise«. In the introductory part of the master's thesis as a broader area of research, we offer a representation of the prevalence of diabetes, types of diabetes, complications caused by diabetes, exercise in water and the effects of exercise in water on the body. In the main part of the master's thesis, which is based on scientific papers, we described the impact of water exercise on reducing and preventing complications of diabetes and the impact of water exercise on people with diabetes. |
