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Laična država predstavlja enega izmed modelov pravnega razmerja med državo in cerkvijo. Prva popolna ločitev je bila izvedena v Franciji leta 1905 in pomeni, da je država nasproti cerkvi nevtralna. Načelo laične države je neločljivo povezano z versko svobodo kot elementom demokratične države. V svoji magistrski nalogi bom opredelil ustavno načelo ločitve države in verskih skupnosti, ki ga določa 7. člen Ustave Republike Slovenije. Predstavil bom tudi zgodovinski razvoj načela ločitve države in verskih skupnosti, saj je pomemben za razumevanje današnjega odnosa med subjektoma. Glavni del svoje naloge bom posvetil načelu laične države na področju izobraževanja kot mešanem področju, ki si ga delita država in cerkev in na katerem se pojavljajo dileme v zvezi s spoštovanjem tega ustavnega načela. Ena izmed prvin moderne države je namreč tudi zagotavljanje dostopnega javnega šolstva, zato gre po mojem mnenju pri javnih in javno financiranih zasebnih šolah za manifestacijo državne oblasti. Z magistrsko nalogo želim ugotoviti, ali je ustavno načelo iz 7. člena Ustave na področju izobraževanja dosledno upoštevano in kako to načelo razlaga Ustavno sodišče. Menim, da pri razlagi ni konsistentno in da ne upošteva vseh pomembnih vidikov ločitve države in verskih skupnosti. A secular state represents one of the models between the church and state legal relations. The first separation was conducted in France in the year 1905 resulting in church-state neutrality. The principle of a secular state is inseparable to religious freedom as an element to a democratic state. In my master's thesis I will specify the constitutional principle of the separation between state and religious communities, which are set out by article seven of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. I will give a historical research of the separation principle between religious and state communities as it is important for understanding today's relation between the subjects. The main section of my thesis will address a secular state's principle towards the subject of education as a mixed affair between church and state, with doubts appearing in consideration to the Constitutional principle. One of the elements of modern states is ensuring access to public schools. In my opinion public and publicly funded private schools go towards manifesting national authority. With my master's thesis I wish to determine if article seven of the Constitution on the subject of education is taken in account and how the principle is interpretated by the Constitutional court. In my view the Constitutional court's interpretation is not consistent and does not take into account all important aspects of the separation between state and religious communities. |
