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Erozija tal je dolbenje, razjedanje, žlebljenje in odnašanje preperine ter kamnine zaradi delovanja različnih agensov, kot so voda, veter, sneg, led, morje, jezera, tudi človek in živali, ki je marsikje pospešena zaradi delovanja človeka. Erozija tal poteka vsakodnevno pred našimi očmi, vendar je proces sam težko opazen. Obstaja nekaj metod, katere uporabljajo kmetje, da bi preprečili ali omili erozijo tal. To so: terasiranje, površinsko zastiranje, mulčenje in oranje vzporedno s plastnicami. Na svetu je z erozijo ogroženih kar 80 % kmetijskih zemljišč. Ocena povprečne izgube tal zaradi erozije znaša 7,43 t/ha/leto v Sloveniji in s tem našo državo uvršča na drugo mesto po ogroženosti držav z erozijo v Evropi. Iz področja kmetijstva izhaja metoda RUSLE, ki je namenjena napovedovanju sproščanja količine zemljine, ki jo izloči voda iz matičnih tal. V nalogi sem se osredotočila na dejavnike, ki vplivajo na erozijo tal, na različne metode za napovedovanje erozije in na sonaravne ukrepe, s katerimi lahko zmanjšamo vodno erozijo. Soil erosion is the digging, corrosion, gouging and removal of sediment and rocks due to the action of various factors, such as: water, wind, snow, ice, sea, lakes, even man and animals, which is accelerated in many places due to human action. Soil erosion occurs on a daily basis before our eyes, but the process itself is hardly noticeable. There are some methods used by farmers to prevent or alleviate soil erosion. These are terracing, surface covering, mulching and plowing in parallel with the layers. As much as 80 % of the world's agricultural land is at risk of erosion. The estimate of the average soil loss due to erosion is 7.43 t / ha / year in Slovenia, which puts our country in second place in terms of the risk of countries with erosion in Europe. The RUSLE method derives from the field of agriculture and is intended to predict the release of the amount of soil excreted by water from the parent soil. In my thesis, I focused on the factors influencing soil erosion, on different methods for predicting erosion, and on sustainable measures that can reduce water erosion. |
