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Merjenje sežigne toplote oziroma kurilne vrednosti lesnih energentov je tema, ki je v učbenikih za osnovno šolo za predmete tehniških vsebin še neraziskana z didaktičnega vidika. V magistrskem delu je predstavljen način določanja sežigne toplote lesnih energentov v okviru pouka tehniških vsebin – tehnike in tehnologije, fizike, naravoslovja in tehnike, naravoslovja. Predstavljena so teoretična izhodišča pretvarjanja lesne biomase v energijsko uporabno obliko ter vpliv različnih dejavnikov na proces gorenja lesnega energenta. Nato je predstavljen opis izdelave in testiranja kalorimetra, namenjenega merjenju sežigne toplote različnih goriv, empirična določitev natančnosti prototipnega kalorimetra, načrtovanje izvedbe tehniških dni, temelječ na učenju z raziskovanjem ter izdelava pred in post testov, s katerimi lahko ugotovimo učinkovitost izvedbe tehniških dni. S pomočjo eksperimentalne metode raziskovanja smo ugotovili, da bi v praksi lahko izvedli tehniški dan na temo kalorimetra in kalorimetrije z induktivno metodo učenja z raziskovanjem, temu primerno je namreč oblikovan osnutek učne priprave. Učna priprava je oblikovana za izvedbo dveh tehniških dni. Elementi obeh tehniških dni, ki bi jih pri metodi učenja z raziskovanjem preverjali pri učencih, so: medsebojno sodelovanje učencev, delovanje posameznega učenca v skupini in posameznikov način spoprijemanja z zadano nalogo. Preverjali bi tudi uporabo različnih virov podatkov ter kvaliteto in število podanih možnosti za izboljšanje preverljivosti spremenljivke lesnega energenta, ki jo skupina preučuje. Prisotnost elementov učenja z raziskovanjem bi preverjali z rezultati pred in post testa, z opazovanjem posameznih učencev in skupine kot celote. Intenziteto pridobljenega znanja bi merili s pomočjo pred in post testa. Measuring the combustion heat of wood energy sources is a topic that remains unexplored within a didactic point of view. The thesis presents a method of determining the combustion heat of wood energy sources in the context of technology education - Engineering and technology, Physics, Science and technology and Natural sciences. There are presented the theoretical bases of converting biomass into energy usable form, and the influence of various factors on the process of burning wood as energy source. Furthermore, there is a description of the calorimeter's manufacture and its testing. An empirical determination of a prototype calorimeter's accuracy is also included. There is given an example of implementation of technology days, based on inquiry learning. Also a production of pre- and post-test, which can determine the effectiveness of the technology days' implementation is presented and analyzed. The experimental research method was used to found out that, in practice, we could carry out a technology day on the calorimetry's topic by inductive method of inquiry based learning. There is a draft of a lesson plan given. Lesson plan is designed for the execution of two technology days. Elements of both technology days that would be examined in the context of inquiry based learning are: students' participation within the group, activity of each student as individual and way of coping with their task in the group and as individuals. The use of different data sources, quality and number of specified options to improve the verifiability of a given variable, examined by group, would also be tested. The presence of inquiry based learning elements would be verified by the results of the pre- and post-test and by the observation of each student within a group. The intensity of the knowledge acquired would be measured by the pre- and post-test. |
