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Uravnotežena in pestra prehrana je pomembna za rast in razvoj otroka. Standardi prehrane v vzgojno izobraževalnih ustanovah so v Sloveniji določeni na državnem nivoju, smernice pa služijo kot praktična pomoč pri izvajanju. Namen raziskave je bil ovrednotiti sestavo in hranilno vrednost celodnevnih obrokov za otroke dveh starostnih skupin v vrtcu (tj. zajtrk, dopoldanska malica, kosilo) v obdobju enega meseca (tj. 20 delovnih dni). Opazovana hranila so bila maščobe, ogljikovi hidrati, beljakovine, nasičene maščobe, skupni sladkorji, skupna prehranska vlaknina, natrij (sol), kalcij in magnezij. Raziskovalni del naloge je potekal tako, da smo v vrtčevski kuhinji štiri tedne z metodo tehtanja ugotavljali količine zaužitih porcij. Hranilno sestavo obrokov smo preračunali z uporabo spletnega orodja OPKP ter izračunane vrednosti statistično obdelali s pomočjo računalniškega programa Microsoft Excel. Rezultate, ki smo jih dobili z analizo, smo primerjali s priporočenimi vrednostmi, ki so navedene v Smernicah zdravega prehranjevanja v vzgojno izobraževalnih-ustanovah. Povprečna energijska vrednost celodnevnih obrokov v vrtcu je bila nižja od priporočene v vseh štirih tednih, ko smo obravnavali jedilnike. Rezultati analiz so pokazali, da otroci v celodnevnih obrokih v povprečju zaužijejo manj maščob kot je priporočeno. Vrednosti zaužitih ogljikovih hidratov so pri prvi starostni skupini nižje od priporočenih, medtem ko so pri drugi starostni skupini v skladu s priporočili. Otroci obeh starostnih skupin so zaužili dovolj beljakovin in prehranske vlaknine. Vnos skupnih sladkorjev z obravnavanimi obroki vrtčevske prehrane pa je bil večji od priporočenega pri obeh starostnih skupinah. Večina velikosti zaužitih porcij celodnevnih obrokov je bila dokaj v skladu s priporočenimi. A balanced and varied diet is important for the growth and development of a child. Nutrition standards in educational institutions in Slovenia are set at the national level, and the guidelines serve as practical assistance in implementation. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the composition and nutritional value of full-day meals for children of two age groups in kindergarten (i.e., breakfast, morning snack, lunch) over the period of one month (i.e., 20 working days). The observed nutrients were fats, carbohydrates, proteins, saturated fats, sugars, total dietary fibre, sodium (salt), calcium, and magnesium. The research part of this thesis was carried out by determining the nutritional composition of meals in the kindergarten kitchen for four weeks. This was recalculated using the online tool OPEN (Platform for Clinical Nutrition) and the calculated values were statistically processed using the computer program Microsoft Excel, while the mass of consumed meals was determined by weighing. The results obtained by the analysis were compared with the recommended values given in the guidelines for healthy eating in educational institutions provided by the National Institute of Public health. The average energy value of full-day meals in the kindergarten was lower than recommended in all four weeks when the menus were examined. The results of the analysis showed that, on average, children consume less fat in full-day meals than recommended. The values of consumed carbohydrates are lower than recommended in the first age group, while they are in line with the recommendations in the second age group. Children of both age groups consumed enough protein and dietary fibre. The intake of sugars was higher than recommended in both age groups. Most of the sizes of ingested portions of full-day meals were fairly in line with the recommended ones. |
