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Volkovi v Sloveniji so severozahodni del dinarsko-balkanske populacije volkov. Njihovo območje razširjenosti v državi je prepleteno z naselji, prometnicami, industrijskimi conami, pašnimi, obdelovalnimi in gozdnimi površinami, zato je obstoj populacije mogoč le ob sobivanju z ljudmi. Za učinkovito upravljanje in varovanje volkov je potrebno tudi poznavanje njihovih ekoloških in vedenjskih značilnosti ter njihovo rabo prostora. V analizo rabe prostora smo vključili rezultate telemetrije, popisov volkov in volčjih legel z izzivanjem oglašanja, analize mest za vzgojo mladičev, zimskega sledenja in genetskih raziskav. S telemetričnimi ovratnicami smo spremljali osem volkov, od tega štiri samce in štiri samice iz tropov Javorniki, Gotenica, Nanos, Vremščica, Rog in Slavnik. V svojih tropih so imeli spremljani volkovi različne vloge ena volkulja je bila še mladič mladi samec in samica sta bila še nereproduktivna spremljali smo tudi dve vodilni samici in enega vodilnega samca mladega volka in volkuljo pa smo lahko spremljali tudi v obdobju njune mladostne disperzije. Površine teritorijev tropov spremljanih volkov so znašale od 259 do 560 km2 (n = 8). V Sloveniji se volkovi izogibajo fragmentiranih območij in pretežno poseljujejo območja večje gozdnatosti izogibajo se tudi prometnejšim cestam. Izbira prostora, ki omogoča zmanjšanje izpostavljenosti človeku, je ključna za preživetje volkov, še posebej preživetje mladičev. Med leti 2010 in 2018 smo s pomočjo prostovoljcev zabeležili 124 odzivov volkov, od tega 67 odzivov odraslih in 57 mladičev. V času disperzije smo spremljali mlado volkuljo in samca. Slednji je v 98 dneh prehodil vsaj 1176 km in se ustalil v Italiji. S samico iz sosednje alpske populacije volkov je osnoval nov trop. To je prva dokumentirana povezava dinarsko-balkanske in alpske populacije volkov. Wolves in Slovenia represent the northwestern part of the Dinaric-Balkan wolf population. The area is covered with settlements, roads, industrial zones, grazing arable and forest areas, therefore the coexistence with humans is necessary for the existence of the species. For more efficient management and protection of the species, knowledge on the ecological and behavioral characteristics of the wolves space use is necessary. Telemetry, wolf howling, analysis of wolf homesites, winter snowtracking and genetic analyses were included in the research. Eight wolves, four males and four females, that were fitted with telemetric collars and belonged to packs Javorniki, Gotenica, Nanos, Vremščica, Rog and Slavnik were included in the habitat use analysis. They had a variety of different roles in their packs. One of the wolves was a young female pup, the young male and female were still unproductive, two reproductive females and one reproductive male were radio collared. A young female pup and a male wolf were monitored during their short and long distance dispersal. The size of wolf territories in Slovenia ranged from 259 to 560 km2 (n=8). In Slovenia wolves avoid fragmented areas and predominantly inhabit forest, areas with conserved nature and avoid roads, settlements. Choosing a habitat that makes them possible to reduce human exposure is crucial for the survival of wolves, especially pups. Between 2010 and 2018, with the help of volunteers, we recorded 124 wolf responses, of which 67 were adults and 57 pups. Young dispersing wolf traveled at least 1,176 km in 98 days and settled in Italy. With a female from a neighboring Alpine wolf population, he founded a new pack. This was the first documented link between the Dinaric-Balkan and Alpine wolf populations. |
