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Diplomska naloga obravnava vodno bilanco in njene člene ter program SIMPEL, namenjen takim izračunom. Namen ustvarjalcev programa je bil zmanjšati zahtevnost izračunavanja členov vodne bilance ter narediti hidrološki program, namenjen širšemu krogu uporabnikov. V prvem delu naloge smo predstavili osnovne člene vodne bilance ter sam program SIMPEL in njegovo delovanje. Razložili smo, kateri so potrebni začetni podatki in kam ter v kakšni obliki jih moramo vnašati. Nato smo podrobneje predstavili metode za izračun evapotranspiracije (ETp), in sicer Haude, Thornthwaite, Blaney/Criddle, Turc, Penman, Makkink, Wendling za obalna območja, Penman/Montheith za iglaste gozdove, Penman/Montheith – EPIC. Opisali smo tudi model veder, na principu katerega deluje program ter predstavili metode, s katerimi izračuna površinski odtok. V praktičnem delu naloge smo s pomočjo programa SIMPEL naredili izračun vodne bilance porečja reke Tolminke. Prikazane so izračunane vrednosti ETp in površinskega odtoka za ‘mokro’ leto 2009 in ‘suho’ leto 2011. Naredili smo primerjavo modeliranih in izmerjenih vrednosti ter s pomočjo koeficienta Nash-Sutcliffe ocenili učinkovitost modela. Izkaže se, da poda model zadovoljive rezultate pri izračunu ETp, pri izračunu površinskega odtoka pa ga je težko zadovoljivo umeriti, kar je pogost problem hidroloških modelov. The thesis deals with a general explanation of water balance, its components, and SIMPEL software designed for water balance calculations. The aim of the creators of the software was to reduce the complexity of calculations and to create a hydrological program designed for a wide range of users. In the first part of the thesis, there is a general explanation of water balance and its components and a description of SIMPEL software. We described the necessary input data as well as where and in what form to insert them. Then metods for calculating evapotranspiration (ETp) e.g. the Haude, Thornthwaite, Blanex/Criddle, Turc, Penman, Makkink, Wendling for costal areas, Penman/Monteith for coniferous woods and Penman/monteith – EPIC are descriped. The bucket model which is the basis for calculation of the surface runoff is also introduced. In the practical part of the thesis we calculated water balance for the catchment of Tolminka river using SIMPEL software. We compare the calculated values of ETp and surface runoff for one ‘wet’ year 2009 and one ‘dry’ year 2011. We compared measured and calculated values and assessed the predictive power of the model with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient. The results demonstrate that model for calculations of ETp returned satisfactory results. However, it is difficult to satisfactory calibrate the model of surface runoff, which is often the problem of hydrological models. |
