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Lastnosti tal v sadovnjaku se kljub enotni rabi razlikujejo na relativno kratki razdalji. V nalogi smo s pomočjo izbranih kazalcev kakovosti tal proučili, ali so med posameznimi prostori v sadovnjaku (prostor kolesnic (K), medvrstni prostor (M) in prostor v vrsti (V)) razlike in ali so razlike med načinom obdelave (integriran in ekološki). Rezultati nakazujejo, da je najvišja vsebnost talne organske snovi (TOS) in največ rastlinam dostopnega kalija v tleh v K, manj v V in najmanj v M. Tla so najbolj kisla v M, manj kisla v V in najmanj kisla v K. Največ rastlinam dostopnega fosforja v tleh je v V, manj v K in najmanj v M. Tla imajo v vseh proučevanih območjih primerno vsebnost TOS in so primerno kisla. Založenost tal z rastlinam dostopnim fosforjem je primerna v obeh proučevanih obdelavah, v ekološkem nasadu pa primanjkuje rastlinam dostopnega fosforja v tleh. Zbitost tal smo določili s pomočjo Kopeckijevih cilindrov in penetrometra. Volumska gostota tal in specifična upornost tal sta največji v K, sledi M in V. V ekološkem nasadu so tla bolj zbita v primerjavi s tlemi v integrirani pridelavi. V V in v M je oblika strukturnih agregatov oreškasta, v K pa lističasta. Strukturni agregati so najbolj obstojni v K in M, v V pa je njihova obstojnost slabša. Rezultati nakazujejo, da se med posameznimi načini pridelave oblika in obstojnost strukturnih agregatov nista razlikovali. Soil properties in orchard feature high variability at relatively short distances. In the master’s thesis the selected soil properties were examined in reference to different soil tillage areas in an orchard (row area (R), inter - row area (I) and wheel tracks area (W)). We also examined whether there are differences between the integrated (ICM) and organic (OCM) crop management. Results indicate that the highest contents of soil organic matter (SOC), highest concentration of plant available K in soil and the lowest soil’s acidity is in the W-area, followed by the R-area and I-area. Results indicate that the highest content of plant available P in soil is in the R-area, followed by W-area, and the lowest is in the I-area. The soil is rich on SOC and has adequate acidity in R, O and W areas. The plant available K content is adequate in all areas while the content of plant available P is low in the OCM. We assessed soil compaction using the Kopecky cylinders and penetrometer. The soil density and specific penetration resistance of soil are the highest in the W-area, followed by lower the I-area and the lowest R-area. The soil under the OCM is more compacted than the soil under the ICM. Soil structure was crumbly in the R-area and I-area, and platy in the W-area. Soil structural aggregates were the most stable to degradation in the W-area and I-area, and less stable in the R-area. Results indicate that between ICM and OCM, neither the stability nor the types of structural aggregates are different. |
