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Današnja mobilna omrežja so kompleksna in nudijo mnogo več v primerjavi s prvo generacijo. Pri vsaki generaciji zasledimo novosti ter različne izboljšave. Povečala se je spektralna učinkovitost, pokritost in zmogljivost omrežja. Mobilni prenos podatkov se povečuje, hitrosti dosegajo in celo presegajo tiste v starejših fiksnih omrežjih. Standard LTE (Long Term Evolution) predstavlja temelj za razvoj naslednje pete generacije mobilnega omrežja. Naloga se osredotoča na tehnologiji LTE Advanced in LTE Advanced Pro, ki sta nekakšen prehod na peto generacijo mobilnih komunikacij 5G. Opisane so prednosti in izboljšave, kot so agregacija nosilcev, izboljšan MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) s podporo do 64 anten, heterogeno omrežje, relejne postaje ter CoMP (Coordinated Multi Point transmission and reception). Razvijajo se tudi različni tipi komunikacij. Med njimi sta direktna komunikacija LTE D2D in LTE M2M, ki jo poznamo kot IoT (Internet of Things). Kot del standarda LTE Advanced Pro je tudi tehnika LAA (Licensed Assisted Access), ki izkoristi uporabo nelicenčnega in licenčnega spektra za večjo zmogljivost omrežja. Boljša je tudi uporabniška izkušnja. V naslednjih letih je za pričakovati znatno povečanje podatkovnega prometa v omrežjih. V prihodnosti se pričakuje večja povezanost med ljudi in napravami, kot je internet stvari. Razvijala se bo npr. avtonomna vožnja, ki naj bi zmanjšala število prometnih nesreč in povečala varnost v prometu. Razvijale se bodo mnoge aplikacije za 5G (daljinske operacije, navidezna resničnost...). Today's mobile networks are complex and offer significantly more compared to the first generation. Each generation generates novelties and various improvements. The spectrum efficiency, coverage, and network capacity have increased. Mobile data throughput is increasing and speeds are similar or even higher than those in the fixed networks are. LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the foundation for development of the next fifth generation of the mobile network. This thesis describes LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro, which are the road to the fifth generation of mobile communications 5G. Benefits and improvements, such as carrier aggregation, enhanced MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) with up to 64 antennas, heterogeneous network, relay stations and CoMP (Coordinated Multi Point transmission and reception) are described in the thesis. Different types of communications have also been developed. These include the direct communication LTE D2D and LTE M2M, known as IoT (Internet of Things). As part of the LTE Advanced Pro standard, there is also the LAA (Licensed Assisted Access), which takes advantage of the non-licensed and licensed spectrum to increase network capacity. It is expected that network traffic will increase significantly in the following years. In the future, greater connectivity between people and devices, such as Internet of Things, is expected. Autonomous vehicles will also be developed to reduce the number of accidents and increase traffic safety. Many applications for 5G will still be developed in near future, such as remote surgeries, virtual reality etc. |
