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Površinski odtok lahko opišemo kot odtok vode z določene zbirne površine zaradi padavinskega dogodka. V hidroloških študijah površinski odtok prikažemo s pomočjo hidrogramov, kjer časovno spreminjanje odtoka prikažemo na grafu. Da bi analizirali lastnosti hidrogramov v različnih situacijah, smo se osredotočili na preučevanje delovanja fizičnega hidrološkega modela HM 141 z različnimi eksperimenti. V diplomski nalogi smo preučevali vpliv intenzitete in lokacije padavinskega dogodka in različnih postavitev drenaž na površinski odtok. Eksperimente smo razdelili v dve skupini in preverjali vpliv različnih faktorjev na hidrograme odtoka ter poskušali poiskati podobnosti s situacijami, ki se pojavljajo v naravi. V prvem delu, kjer smo obravnavali eksperimente s fizičnim modelom brez dodatnih elementov, smo se osredotočili na preučevanje vpliva padavin na površinski odtok. Sklenemo lahko, da spremembe v intenziteti in lokaciji padavin vplivajo na konico odtoka. V drugem delu, kjer smo obravnavali eksperimente z dodatnimi elementi (drenaže), smo preučevali vplive drenažnih sistemov na hidrogram odtoka. Ugotovili smo, da drenaže v veliki meri vplivajo na površinski odtok in sicer se v večini primerov pojavi višja konica in krajši čas odtoka. Narejena je tudi primerjava med prvim in drugim sklopom eksperimentov. Surface runoff can be described as an outflow of water from a certain contributing area due to precipitation. In hydrological studies, the surface runoff is shown by hydrographs, where the time variation of the outflow is shown on the graph. In order to analyze the properties of hydrographs in different situations, we focused on studying the operation of the physical hydrological model HM 141 applying various experiments. In the graduation thesis we studied the influence of the intensity and location of the precipitation and the various layouts of drainage systems effecting on the surface runoff. The experiments were divided into two groups. We focused on the influence of various factors on the outflow hydrographs, and sought to find similarities with situations occurring in nature. In the first part, where we discussed experiments with a physical model without additional elements, we focused on the study of the impact of precipitation on the surface runoff. We can conclude that changes in the intensity and location of precipitation affect the peak flow. In the second part, where we discussed experiments with additional elements (drainage), we studied the effects of drainage systems on the drainage hydrograph. We found that drainage systems largely affects the surface runoff, in a higher peak and a shorter retention time. The graduation thesis also provides a comparison between the both groups of experiments. |
