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Gradbeni in izolacijski material po uporabi predstavlja veliko obremenitev za okolje. Po določenem času lahko razpadejo v procesu preperevanja, ki ga lahko pospešimo z uporabo živih organizmov. V tej nalogi smo testirali razgradnjo gradbenega in izolacijskega materiala s hišnimi glivami iz debla Bazidomicetes Serpula lacrymans in Antrodia vaillantii. Uporabili smo tudi nepoznane glive izolirane iz opeke, ki smo jih poimenovali Izolat 1, Izolat 2 in Izolat 3. Glive za rast potrebujejo hranila, vodo za metabolizem, zrak, primerno temperaturo in ustrezno pH vrednost. Za razgradnjo smo uporabili komercialno najpogostejše uporabljeni gradbeni in izolacijski materal les, opeko, beton, plinobeton, kameno volno ter ekstrudirani in ekspandirani polistiren. Glive smo gojili v optimalnih pogojih, da so lahko intenzivno prerasle hranilno gojišče z vzorci. Prvi pokazatelji razgradnje sta izguba mase in tlačne trdnosti, zato smo ti metodi uporabili za testiranje razgradnje. Izgubo mase smo lahko izmerili vsem vzorcem, tlačno trdnost pa le konstrukcijskemu gradbenemu materialu. Rezultati kažejo, da imajo glive vpliv tako na gradbeni kot izolacijski material. Building and isolating materials represent a huge burden for the environment after they are used. They take a long time to decompose through the process of weathering. Weathering, however, can be accelerated by using live organisms. We have tested the decay of building and isolating materials with indoor wood-decay basidiomycetes: Serpula lacrymans and Antrodia vaillantii. We have also used three unknown fungi that had been isolated from brick. We have named them Isolated fungus 1, Isolated fungus 2 and Isolated fungus 3. In order to grow, fungi need nutrients, water for metabolism, air, a moderate temperature, and an appropriate pH value. We have tested the most commonly used building and isolating materials, i.e. wood, brick, concrete, siporex, fibreglass batt, and extruded and expanded polystyrene. We have been growing the fungi in optimum conditions, so that they could grow all over the media. The first stages of decay are exhibited by mass and strength loss. We have used these methods to test degradation. Mass loss could be measured with all materials, and strength loss only with building materials. The results clearly show fungal influence both on building materials and isolating materials. |
