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Civilna zakonodaja, ki ureja pogodbena razmerja in določa civilno odgovornost udeležencev pri graditvi, mora biti usklajena z javnopravno zakonodajo, ki določa obvezujoče določbe v javno korist. Javnopravna zakonodaja omejuje pogodbeno urejanje gradbeništva z določanjem elementov, ki so nujni za zagotovitev javnega interesa. Pri gradnji je treba varovati javni interes, ker gradnja objektov zadeva tretje osebe sosede, mimoidoče ali prihodnje uporabnike in okolje. Zato javnopravni predpisi zahtevajo pridobitev ustreznih soglasij in dovoljenj ter delno določajo oblikovanje in izvajanje pogodb v gradbeništvu, da se zagotovi predvsem javni interes glede varnosti in trajnosti objektov ter njihove umestitve v prostor. Predvidevajo tudi druge omejitve pri gradnji v javnem interesu, zaradi česar je obligacijskopravna ureditev glede istih vprašanj odveč. V literaturi še ni bilo opravljene primerjave, ki bi sistematično uredila vprašanje nasprotujočih si določb med Obligacijskim zakonikom (OZ) in Posebnimi gradbenimi uzancami (PGU) kot civilnima predpisoma ter Gradbenim zakonom (GZ) in drugimi javnopravnimi predpisi. Namen magistrskega diplomskega dela je predstaviti morebitna nasprotja med predpisi, ki urejajo gradbeništvo, njihovo primerjavo za ugotovitev skladnosti ureditve, torej kako GZ dopolnjuje in konkretizira dokaj skope določbe gradbeništva v OZ in morebitne praktične rešitve spornih ureditev. Hipoteza, da javnopravni predpisi silijo v civilno odgovornost, ki ni predvidena s civilnopravno zakonodajo, je bila ovržena. Ureditvi se dokaj ustrezno dopolnjujeta, vendar sistem pravne ureditve gradbeništva še daleč ni dovršen in izpopolnjen. Spornih je več vidikov, kar nam pokaže že dejstvo, da se v dveh letih po sprejetju GZ že sprejema GZ-1. Civil law, that governs contractual relations and determines the civil liability of the construction participants, must be harmonized with public law, which lays down binding provisions in the public interest. Public law restricts the contractual regulation of civil engineering by determining the elements that are necessary to ensure the public interest. The public interest must be protected during construction, as the building of facilities concerns third parties neighbors, passers-by or future users, and the environment. Therefore, public law regulations require the acquisition of appropriate consent, permits, and partially determine the design and implementation of contracts in civil engineering, in order to ensure, above all, the public interest in the safety, sustainability, and placements of facilities. They also provide other restrictions to construction in the public interest, which makes obligation law regulation on the same issues superfluous. No comparisons have yet been made in the literature, that would systematically regulate the issue of conflicting provisions between the civil regulations of the OZ in the PGU and the GZ and other public law regulations. The purpose of this master's thesis is to present the possible opposition to regulations governing civil engineering, their comparison to determine the compliance of regulations, i.e. how the GZ is supplementing in the concretizing rather sparse civil engineering provisions in the OZ, and possible practical solutions to disputed regulations. The hypothesis, that public law regulations impose civil liability, which is not provided for by civil law, has been refuted. After all, the regulations complement each other quite properly, but the legal regulation system of civil engineering is far from complete and perfected. Many aspects are still controversial, which is already shown by the fact that two years after the adoption of the GZ, a new law (GZ-1) is already being adopted. |
