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V vseh večjih industrijskih podjetjih lahko vrednosti električnih parametrov, kot so npr. napetost, tok, moč in energija, predstavljajo dober kazalnik za varno obratovanje omrežja znotraj proizvodnje ter predvsem za ekonomičnost celotnega obrata. Pri vsem tem največjega problema ne prinaša samo merjenje teh parametrov, saj so sodobne pametne merilne naprave že precej napredne in zelo natančne, pač pa nadzorovanje, pregled in ureditev teh podatkov na enem mestu v realnem času. Poleg tega pa morajo biti ti podatki dovolj enostavno in ustrezno predstavljeni, da lahko operaterji v proizvodnji brez kakršnihkoli težav opazujejo podatke in na podlagi le-teh ločijo, ali gre za normalno obratovanje ali morda za kakšno napako. V ta namen smo v podjetju Kolektor Sisteh, d.o.o., za naročnika avtomatizirali sistem merjenja električnih parametrov in nadzora energetskih omar v proizvodnji za bogatenje mineralne surovine, natančneje apnenca. Pri tem smo uporabili merilnike Siemens Sentron PAC-3200, ki lahko izmerijo do 131 različnih električnih parametrov. Za namen opazovanja rezultatov na računalniku je bilo merilnike treba povezati preko omrežnega stikala Scalance XC224 v omrežje, na katerem se je nahajal tudi programirljivi logični krmilnik Siemens Simatic S7-1200, ki se je uporabljal za zajemanje vseh potrebnih meritev za naročnika. Pomemben del same avtomatizacije merjenja električnih parametrov pri našem projektu je bilo poleg krmilnika tudi programsko okolje iFIX, pri katerem gre za enega izmed sistemov SCADA (sistem za nadzor in upravljanje tehnoloških procesov z računalniki), ki v moderni dobi nadomeščajo analogne kontrolne plošče v proizvodnji. Da je sam avtomatiziran sistem deloval brezhibno, je za stalno medsebojno povezavo krmilnika in namiznega računalnika poskrbel pravilno nastavljen gonilnik S7A, ki je podatke v podatkovnih blokih krmilnika neprestano prenašal v bazo podatkov okolja iFIX. Z avtomatizacijo merilnega sistema pridobimo na času in preglednosti podatkov, omogočeno pa bo tudi primerjanje trenutne porabe električne energije s porabo v prejšnjih obdobjih. Sama avtomatizacija celotnega sistema je zahtevna zadeva in nujno potrebuje angažiranje naročnika s svojimi zahtevami in željami. To je na koncu povrnjeno z enostavnim sistemom nadzorovanja samih podatkov, kateri lahko z ustreznim obdelovanjem in znanjem zaposlenih privedejo do zmanjšanja proizvodnih stroškov. Z dokončanim delom projekta, ki je zajemal tudi analogne meritve in digitalne statuse za nadzor električnih omar v prostorih naročnika, sem poskrbel za ustrezno zajemanje rezultatov, njihovo prikazovanje in nadzor nad opazovanimi elementi. S tem je naročnik pridobil na preglednosti sistema, potrebnem času za odpravljanje okvar in arhiviranju procesa za kasnejšo uporabo. In all major industrial companies, the values of electrical parameters such as voltage, current, electrical power and energy are good indicators for the electricity grid’s safe operation and the economy of the entire plant. The biggest problem is not only the measurement of these parameters, as modern smart measuring devices are already quite advanced and very accurate, but the monitoring, overview and arrangement of these data in one place in real time. In addition, these data must be presented in a sufficiently simple and appropriate manner so that operators in production are able to observe the data without any difficulty and, on the basis of them, distinguish whether it is normal operation or possibly a fault. For this purpose, in the company Kolektor Sisteh, d.o.o., for one of the clients, we have automated the measuring system of electrical parameters and control of power distribution cabinets in production for the mineral raw materials enrichment, more precisely limestone. We used Siemens Sentron PAC-3200 power monitoring devices, which can measure up to 131 different electrical parameters. In order to observe the results on the computer, the power monitoring devices had to be connected via the Scalance XC224 Industrial Ethernet switch to the network, which also housed the programmable logic controller Siemens Simatic S7-1200, which was used to capture all necessary measurements for the client. A significant part of the automation of measuring electrical parameters in our project was – in addition to the controller – the software environment iFIX, which is one of the SCADA systems (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), which nowadays replace analog control panels in production. In order to ensure that the automated system itself worked flawlessly, a properly configured S7A driver ensured constant transfer of data from controller’s Data Blocks and interconnection between controller and desktop computer. By automating the measuring system, we gain time and transparency of data, and it will also be possible to compare momentary electricity consumption with consumption in previous time intervals. The automation of the entire system itself is a demanding matter and inevitably calls for the client’s engagement with their requirements and wishes. This is in the end compensated by a simple control system of the data, which can lead to a reduction in production costs through appropriate processing and knowledge of employees. With the completed part of the project, which also included analog measurements and digital statuses for the control of power distribution cabinets in the client's premises, the appropriate capture of results, their display and control over the observed electrical elements were taken care of. This gave the client the transparency of the system, the time needed to resolve faults and archive the process for later use. |
