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Razdori in spori med hindujci in muslimani v britanski Indiji so Veliko Britanijo prepričali, da mora svojo največjo kolonijo razdeliti. Mejo je začrtal britanski odvetnik Cyril Radcliffe, ki nikoli prej ni obiskal Azije. Indija in nova država Pakistan sta postali neodvisni 14. avgusta 1947. Po razdelitvi so nastali hujši teritorialni spori, kar je tudi privedlo do treh vojn. Linija kontrole, začrtana v regiji Kašmir, ki je v veljavi od leta 1972, še danes predstavlja mejo med Indijo in Pakistanom. Indija je leta 1974 izvedla prvi jedrski preizkus, ki ga je predstavila kot miroljubno jedrsko eksplozijo. Grožnja uporabe jedrskega orožja v Južni Aziji se je povečala, ko je Pakistan leta 1998 uradno postal jedrska sila. Od tedaj je v njunem odnosu prisotno odvračanje od uporabe jedrskega orožja. Do danes je v njunem odnosu že prišlo do vprašanja grožnje jedrskega orožja, in sicer s ključnimi dogodki, ki so konkretno zaznamovali njuno (ne)sodelovanje. Med te spadajo vojna v Kargilu leta 1999, teroristični napad na indijski parlament leta 2001 in posledično nihanje odnosov do skorajšnje vojne med letoma 2001 in 2002, in ne nazadnje teroristični napadi v Mumbaju leta 2008. Danes Indija in Pakistan skupaj posedujeta več kot 300 jedrskih konic. Njuni odnosi z mednarodnim svetom se razlikujejo. Nestabilni odnosi in posedovanje jedrskega orožja vzbujajo posebno zaskrbljenost za stabilnost širše regije. Dissensions and disputes between Hindus and Muslims in British India convinced Great Britain that it had to divide its largest colony. The border was drawn by British lawyer Cyril Radcliffe, who had never visited Asia before. India and the new country of Pakistan became independent on August 14, 1947. After the partition, more serious territorial disputes arose, which also led to three wars. The Line of Control drawn in the Kashmir region, which has been in effect since 1972, still represents the border between India and Pakistan today. India conducted its first nuclear test in 1974, which it called a peaceful nuclear explosion. The threat of nuclear weapons in South Asia arises when Pakistan officially becomes a nuclear power in 1998. Since then, deterrence from the use of nuclear weapons has been present in their relationship. To date, the issue of the threat of nuclear weapons has already arisen in their relationship, with key events that concretely marked their (non)cooperation. These include the 1999 Kargil War, the 2001 terrorist attack on India's Parliament and the subsequent wobble in relations since the near-war of 2001-2002, and not least the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. Today, India and Pakistan together possess more than 300 nuclear warheads. Their relations with the international world differ. Unstable relations and the possession of nuclear weapons raise particular concerns for the stability of the wider region. |
