Entomopathogenic fungi control of the Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as a biosecurit strategy in poultry production

Autor: Rezende, Sabrina Rita da Fonseca
Přispěvatelé: Curvello, Fernando Augusto, Fraga, Marcelo Elias, Nascimento, Elmiro Rosendo do, Gomes, Augusto Vidal da Costa
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2009
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
instacron:UFRRJ
Popis: Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2019-06-24T11:54:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Sabrina Rita da Fonseca Rezende.pdf: 1878133 bytes, checksum: 8c983717a26db7227614d9babb67ed51 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-24T11:54:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Sabrina Rita da Fonseca Rezende.pdf: 1878133 bytes, checksum: 8c983717a26db7227614d9babb67ed51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 The objective of this study was to assess the action in vitro of isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Cladosporium sp. and Trichoderma sp.. and control their entomopathogenic Alphitobius diaperinus known as "lesser mealworm." The objective was also to evaluate the safety of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in broiler performance measured by productivity, hematological and histological analysis. In the first test of lesser mealworm larvae and adults were inoculated with conidia suspensions of the three species of fungi, at concentration of 107 conidios.mL-1 and observed for a period of ten days. The results were submitted to the qui-squared (?2), which could be observed a higher mortality of beetles for strain of B. bassiana compared with the strains of Cladosporium sp. and Trichoderma sp. These results also showedthat the larvae were more susceptible than the adults. Faced with these results, an assessment was made of entomopathogenic B. bassiana by inoculation of 200 insect larvae and 200 adults with suspensions of conidia at concentrations of 106, 107 and 108 con?dios.mL-1. The insects were observed for ten days, and the results submitted to analysis of variance and the averages compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance. The mortality in the larvae was significant after the fourth day with the lowest concentration, and mortality was significant only in adults after the fifth day in the concentration of 108 conidios.mL-1. In the safety test were used 240 broiler chickens from the commercial line Cobb, housed in metal batteries with twenty-four compartments of 0.90 x 0.85 x 0.40 meters. The distribution of birds was completely random and treatments were distributed in an experimental design in randomized blocks, with four treatments and six replications: T1 - control (saline + tween), T2 - suspension with 106 conidios.mL-1, T3 - suspension with 107 conidios.mL-1, and T4 - suspension with 108 conidios.mL-1. The inoculation was performed on the 14th and 28th days of age and each treatment used 0.5 mL for oral inoculation and a drop for nasal inoculation. The results were analyzed based on the analysis of variance, and the averages compared by Newman-Keuls test, with 5% significance. There were no statistical differences in weight gain and feed intake between treatments, although in the 108 conidios.mL-1 concentration occurred a lower weight gain compared to 106 concentration conidios.mL-1. At this concentration, the feed conversion was equal to control, with lower results than the other treatments. There was no statistical difference for viability. Regarding weight gain, the absolute and relative heart and liver weights were not significantly affected by concentrations of fungi. The blood evaluation showed significant increase in the total number of leukocytes (leukocyteses) in the group that received the highest concentration of fungus. Compared to white blood cell, there was statistical difference, with increase in the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and heterophils at the concentration 108 conidios.mL -1. The histopathological analysis revealed no apparent lesions in lungs and Fabricius? bursa , at any concentrations of fungi tested. However, the histopathological analysis revealed liver necrosis with focal coagulation and infiltrated leukocyte presenting heterophils and mononuclear cells, mainly around the bile duct, which showed no apparent injuries and cellular arrangement within the normal range. These lesions were moderate at the concentration 107 and more pronounced at 108. Studies show the efficiency of Beauveria bassiana isolatedin the control of Alphitobius diaperinus, indicating that the B bassiana is a promising fungus on pest control, although more efficient in larvaecontrolling . Although no substantial change has occurred, the small hematological and histopathological changes may have caused the severe challenge they have suffered, indicating a possible dose-effect relationship of organic product. However, further studies are still needed to define more precisely the application of this control agent in the management of lesser mealworm, always considering the cost-benefit ratio. Objetivou - se com este trabalho avaliar a a??o in vitro de isolados de Beauveria bassiana, Cladosporium sp. e Trichoderma sp.. e sua entomopatogenicidade no controle do Alphitobius diaperinus conhecido como ?cascudinho?. Buscou-se tamb?m avaliar a inocuidade do fungo entomopatog?nico Beauveria bassiana em frangos de corte avaliada por desempenho da produtividade, an?lises hematol?gicas e histopatol?gicas. No primeiro ensaio larvas e adultos de cascudinho foram inoculados com suspens?es de con?dios das tr?s esp?cies de fungos, na concentra??o de 107 con?dios.mL-1 e observadas por um per?odo de dez dias. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste do Qui-Quadrado (?2), onde pode se observar uma maior mortalidade dos besouros para o isolado de B. bassiana em compara??o com os isolados de Cladosporium sp. e Trichoderma sp., quando verificou-se que larvas foram mais suscet?veis do que os adultos. Face a esses resultados, foi avaliada a entomopatogenicidade de B. bassiana por inocula??o de 200 larvas e 200 insetos adultos com suspens?es de con?dios nas concentra??es de 106, 107 e 108 con?dios.mL-1. Os insetos foram observados durante dez dias, e os resultados submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as m?dias comparadas pelo teste Kruskal- Wallis a 5% de probabilidade. A mortalidade nas larvas foi significativa a partir do quarto dia com a menor concentra??o, e a mortalidade nos adultos somente foi significativa a partir do quinto dia na concentra??o de 108 con?dios.mL-1. No teste de inocuidade foram utilizados 240 frangos de corte da linhagem comercial Cobb, alojados em baterias met?licas com vinte e quatro compartimentos de 0,90 x 0,85 x 0,40 metros. A distribui??o das aves foi inteiramente casualizada e os tratamentos distribu?dos em um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, contando com quatro tratamentos e seis repeti??es, onde foram aplicados os seguintes programas: T1 ? controle (solu??o salina + tween); T2 ? suspens?o com 106 con?dios.mL-1; T3 ? suspens?o com 107 con?dios.mL-1; T4 ? suspens?o com 108 con?dios.mL-1. A inocula??o ocorreu no 14? e 28? dia de vida das aves e para cada tratamento foi utilizado 0,5 mL para inocula??o oral e uma gota para inocula??o nasal. Os resultados foram analisados com base na an?lise de vari?ncia, e as m?dias comparadas por teste de Newman-Keuls, a 5 % de probabilidade. N?o houve diferen?as estat?sticas no ganho de peso e no consumo de ra??o entre os tratamentos, embora na concentra??o 108 con?dios.mL-1 tenha ocorrido menor ganho de peso em rela??o a concentra??o 106 con?dios.mL-1. Nesta concentra??o a convers?o alimentar foi estatisticamente igual ao controle, com resultados piores que os demais tratamentos. N?o houve diferen?a estat?stica para viabilidade. Os resultados quanto ao rendimento de carca?a, pesos absolutos e relativos do cora??o e f?gado, n?o foram influenciados significativamente pelas concentra??es de fungos. No hemograma foi observado aumento significativo do n?mero de leuc?citos totais (leucocitose) para o grupo que recebeu a maior concentra??o de fungo. Em rela??o ao leucograma, pode-se observar diferen?a estat?stica, com aumento significativo do n?mero de leuc?citos totais, linf?citos, heter?filos e mon?citos, para a concentra??o 108 con?dios.mL -1. Os resultados histopatol?gicos n?o revelaram presen?a de les?es aparentes no pulm?o e na bursa de Fabr?cius, em nenhuma das concentra??es de fungos testadas. Todavia, a an?lise histopatol?gica do f?gado revelou necrose de coagula??o focal e infiltrado leucocit?rio constitu?do por heter?filos e c?lulas mononucleadas, principalmente em torno dos ductos biliares, os quais n?o apresentaram les?es aparentes e arranjo celular dentro dos padr?es de normalidade. Estas les?es foram moderadas no tratamento com a concentra??o 107 e mais acentuadas no tratamento com a concentra??o 108. Os estudos mostram a efici?ncia do isolado de Beauveria bassiana no controle do Alphitobius diaperinus, indicando ser este um fungo promissor no controle da praga, embora mais eficiente no controle das larvas. Embora n?o tenha ocorrido altera??o substancial, as pequenas altera??es histopatol?gicas e hematol?gicas podem ter sido decorrentes do severo desafio a que foram submetidos. Indicando uma poss?vel rela??o dose-efeito do produto biol?gico. Entretanto, s?o ainda necess?rios mais estudos para definir de forma mais precisa a aplica??o deste agente de controle no manejo do cascudinho, levando sempre em considera??o a rela??o custo-benef?cio.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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