Ecosystem services observed in forest restoration abandoned pastures from the facilitator kind

Autor: Mateus, Felipe Araujo
Přispěvatelé: Valcarcel, Ricardo, Miranda, Cristiana do Couto, Sansevero, Jer?nimo B. B., Cicco, Valdir de
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
instacron:UFRRJ
Popis: Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2019-11-28T13:34:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Felipe Araujo Mateus.pdf: 2645568 bytes, checksum: 8bf3adc5b9f4be32439721e4b76f268b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-28T13:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Felipe Araujo Mateus.pdf: 2645568 bytes, checksum: 8bf3adc5b9f4be32439721e4b76f268b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES The impoverishment of the past in the soil is a limiting factor in this for crops, reducing use of pressure and facilitating role of facilitators species in the passive restoration of ecosystems, as Clidemia urceolata DC. In these environments, the accumulated litter can control the water flow, nutrient cycling and provide environmental differential capable of allowing their passive restoration. This study aims to raise and quantify the ecosystem services provided by litter in the restoration of degraded grassland species whose facilitator Clidemia urceolata DC can colonize and settle. The study was divided into three chapters that evaluated the environmental degradation of pastures and the beginning of the colonization process with the species C. urceolata DC (Chapter I); The dynamics of litter environments at different levels of restoration abandoned pastures (Chapter II); Raise and characterize the water and chemical balance of these ecosystems at different levels of forest restoration (Chapter III). The properties had their agricultural production and level of environmental deterioration identified, grouped by remote sensing techniques. We measured total precipitation, internal, vertical interception, water balance, mass and water holding capacity of litter in the following restoration stages: S1 abandoned pasture (1 year); S2 core C. urceolata in the initial stage of colonization (6 years); S3 core C. urceolata in the intermediate stage of colonization (12 years); S4 core C. urceolata in advanced stage of colonization (17 years); S5 fragment of secondary forest (32 years). There are in the region's remaining 73.4% of the area with pastures, even after having passed 154 years of abandonment of coffee activities. The passive restoration processes occurred in 21.6% of the surface. The site 5 got the higher values litter deposition and stock of accumulated litter, surpassed in relation to water retention capacity of the accumulated litter at site 4 and site 3 with values greater than 265%. The internal precipitation and vertical intercept of the sites 2, 3 and 5 had no statistically significant difference in 12 months. Regarding the interception by the accumulated serrapilhera sites (2, 3 and 4) showed significant difference from the site 5 (forest fragment). The concentration of all nutrients showed a significant enrichment after passage through the canopy and the accumulated litter treatments. We conclude that the model of nucleation from the C. urceolata is more likely to succeed in decaying or abandoned properties with area less than 300 hectares. The entry of C. urceolata species in the ecosystem changed the species composition and reduced the negative influences of pastures, increasing the accumulated litter, changing the water retention capacity, flows of water and nutrient cycling, essential conditions to provide improved environmental conditions of passive forest restoration O empobrecimento dos solos no passado constitui fator limitante no presente para cultivos agr?colas, reduzindo press?o de uso e facilitando atua??o de esp?cies facilitadoras na restaura??o passiva dos ecossistemas, como a Clidemia urceolata DC. Nestes ambientes, a serrapilheira acumulada pode controlar os fluxos da ?gua, ciclagem de nutrientes e constituir diferencial ambiental capaz de permitir a sua restaura??o passiva. O presente estudo objetiva levantar e quantificar os servi?os ecossist?micos prestado pela serrapilheira na restaura??o de pastagens perturbadas cuja esp?cie facilitadora Clidemia urceolata DC consegue colonizar e se estabelecer. O estudo foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos, onde foram avaliados a degrada??o socioambiental das pastagens e o inicio dos processos de coloniza??o com a esp?cie C. urceolata DC (Cap?tulo I); A din?mica da serrapilheira de ambientes em diferentes n?veis de restaura??o florestal de pastagens abandonadas (Cap?tulo II); Levantar e caracterizar os balan?os h?drico e qu?mico destes ecossistemas em diferentes n?veis de restaura??o florestal (Cap?tulo III). As propriedades tiveram sua produ??o agr?cola e n?vel de deterioro ambiental identificadas, agrupados segundo t?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Foram medidos precipita??o total, interna, intercepta??o vertical, balan?o h?drico, de massa e capacidade de reten??o h?drica da serrapilheira nos seguintes est?gios de restaura??o: S1 pastagem abandonada (1 ano); S2 n?cleo de C. urceolata no est?dio inicial de coloniza??o (6 anos); S3 n?cleo de C. urceolata no est?dio intermedi?rio de coloniza??o (12 anos); S4 n?cleo de C. urceolata no est?dio avan?ado de coloniza??o (17 anos); S5 fragmento de floresta secundaria (32 anos). H? na regi?o a perman?ncia de s 73,4% da ?rea com pastos, mesmo ap?s haver transcorrido 154 anos de abandono das atividades cafeeiras. Os processos de restaura??o passiva ocorreram em 21,6% da superf?cie. O s?tio 5 obteve os valores mais expressivos de deposi??o de serrapilheira e estoque de serrapilheira acumulada, sendo superado em rela??o a capacidade de reten??o h?drica da serrapilheira acumulada pelo s?tio 4 e o s?tio 3 com valores superiores a 265%. A precipita??o interna e intercepta??o vertical dos s?tios 2, 3 e 5 n?o tiveram diferen?a estatisticamente significativa em 12 meses do ano. Em rela??o a intercepta??o pela serrapilhera acumulada os s?tios (2, 3 e 4) apresentaram diferen?a significativa em rela??o ao s?tio 5 (fragmento florestal). A concentra??o de todos os nutrientes apresentou um enriquecimento significativo ap?s passagem pelo dossel e pela serrapilheira acumulada dos tratamentos. Conclu?mos que o modelo de nuclea??o a partir da C. urceolata tem maior probabilidade de sucesso em propriedades decadentes ou abandonadas, com ?rea inferior a 300 hectares. A entrada da esp?cie C. urceolata no ecossistema modificou a composi??o de esp?cies e reduziu as influencias negativas das pastagens, aumentando a serrapilheira acumulada, modificando a capacidade de reten??o h?drica, os fluxos da ?gua e a ciclagem de nutrientes, condi??es essenciais para propiciar a melhoria das condi??es ambientais da restaura??o florestal passiva.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: