Efectos sobre la salud mental del personal de cuidado de la salud, derivados de la atención de pacientes con COVID-19: Revisión de alcance

Autor: Osorio Guarnizo, Laura Camila, Gaitan Ayala, Lina Paola
Přispěvatelé: Trillos, Carlos Enrique, Briceno-Ayala, Leonardo, Grupo de Investigacion en Salud Publica
Jazyk: Spanish; Castilian
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
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Repositorio EdocUR-U. Rosario
Universidad del Rosario
instacron:Universidad del Rosario
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2021.567381.
Popis: Introducción: La pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-COV 2, generó alteraciones en las dinámicas laborales y sociales del personal de salud, por lo cual se aumentaron las patologías relacionadas a enfermedades mentales. Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica sobre problemas en salud mental de trabajadores de la salud de primera línea de atención a pacientes confirmados y con sospecha de COVID-19 durante enero 2020 y abril 2022. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance, con pautas del Grupo Cochrane. Dos revisores examinaron de forma independiente los títulos, resúmenes y textos completos. Se utilizó la extensión de PRISMA para Scoping Reviews junto a las escalas de JBI para evaluar la calidad de los artículos encontrados. Población: Trabajadores de la salud de primera línea, que atienden pacientes con sospecha o confirmación COVID-19. Resultados: Se hallaron 26 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios: 7 revisiones sistemáticas y 19 estudios transversales; de depresión (19 artículos), ansiedad (22 artículos), estrés (15 artículos), trastornos de sueño (16 artículos), trastornos de alimentación (3 artículos), y burnout (10 artículos). Se encontraron registros en diferentes países como España, Irán, China, USA, Vietnam, Kenia entre otros. Conclusiones: las mujeres, y el personal de enfermería, fueron quienes presentaron mayores alteraciones en salud mental durante la pandemia. Entre los factores de riesgo están: jornadas extensas de trabajo, uso permanente de EPP, el volumen de pacientes, la exposición directa al virus, el poco apoyo social, la insuficiencia institucional hacia la protección personal, el poco conocimiento sobre el manejo de la enfermedad, y antecedentes médicos/psiquiátricos. Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV 2 virus, generated alterations in the labor and social dynamics of health personnel, for which pathologies related to mental illnesses increased. Objective: To identify the scientific evidence on mental health problems of front-line healthcare workers for confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients during January 2020 and April 2022. Methods: A scoping review was carried out, using guidelines from the Cochrane Group. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. The PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews was used together with the JBI scales to assess the quality of the articles found. Population: Frontline health workers, who care for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Results: 26 studies were found that met the criteria: 7 systematic reviews and 19 cross-sectional studies; depression (19 articles), anxiety (22 articles), stress (15 articles), sleep disorders (16 articles), eating disorders (3 articles), and burnout (10 articles). Records were found in different countries such as Spain, Iran, China, the USA, Vietnam, and Kenya among others. Conclusions: women, and nursing staff, were the ones who presented the greatest alterations in mental health during the pandemic. Among the risk factors are long work days, permanent use of PPE, the volume of patients, direct exposure to the virus, little social support, institutional insufficiency towards personal protection, little knowledge about the management of the disease, and medical/psychiatric history.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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