Evaluación de fungicidas biológicos para el control de Rhizoctonia solani y Gaeumannomyces graminis, en tres variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa) en Babahoyo

Autor: Ramírez González, Gualberto Isaúl
Přispěvatelé: Belezaca Pinargote, Carlos
Jazyk: Spanish; Castilian
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Repositorio Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo
Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo
instacron:UTB
Popis: Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple food for more than half of the world's population and during its life cycle it is affected by countless pathogens. Among these, Rhizoctonia solani and Gaeumannomyces graminis cause significant losses in yields. Integrated management such as the use of resistant varieties, use of chemical, botanical, biological tools, among others, has a greater application in the control of diseases in the crop. Given the above, the objective of this research is based on evaluating ecological fungicides for the control of R. solani and G. graminis, in three varieties of rice. The test was carried out in the Babahoyo canton, km 9 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo road, with geographical location (UTM) 672,845.34 of East longitude and 9796946.78 of South latitude. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement A (varieties) x B (fungicides), with three repetitions. The treatments were (Factor A: varieties): LAP-001-2020, LAP-002-2020 and LAP-003-2020. (Factor B: Fungicides and doses): (B1) Renaste (150 ml ha-1) + Serenade (500 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1000 ml ha-1), (B2) Renaste (300 ml ha-1) + Serenade (1000 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1500 ml ha-1), (B3) Propiconazole (500 ml ha-1) + Tebuconazole (500 ml ha-1) and (B4) Without application of fungicides. The variables evaluated were: incidence and severity of R. solani and G. graminis, efficacy of fungicides, plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, % of empty grains, weight of 1000 grains and yield. It was determined that the varieties with the application of fungicides and doses had a lower incidence in relation to the absolute control, similar behavior was observed in the severity of R. solani. Regarding the height of the plant, the LAP-002-2020 variety was the one that stood out. The number of tillers and panicles was not different (p> 0.05) in the varieties. In the variable number of grains per panicle, the LAP-002-2020 variety stood out. However, in the variable grains vain, the variety LAP-003-2020 reported a lower percentage of vaneamiento compared to the other varieties. This variety in combination with fungicides and doses, presented the best yields per hectare. It is concluded that the varieties LAP-001-2020, LAP-002-2020 and LAP-003-2020 combined with fungicides and doses minimized the incidence of G. graminis and R. solani, with respect to the absolute control. Meanwhile, the use of the LAP-003-2020 variety and the phytosanitary program based on the application of Renaste (150 ml ha-1) + Serenade (500 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1000 ml ha-1), in addition Integrating other management practices will minimize the incidence and severity of G. graminis and R. solani. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital staple food for more than half of the world's population and during its life cycle it is affected by countless pathogens. Among these, Rhizoctonia solani and Gaeumannomyces graminis cause significant losses in yields. Integrated management such as the use of resistant varieties, use of chemical, botanical, biological tools, among others, has a greater application in the control of diseases in the crop. Given the above, the objective of this research is based on evaluating ecological fungicides for the control of R. solani and G. graminis, in three varieties of rice. The test was carried out in the Babahoyo canton, km 9 of the Babahoyo - Montalvo road, with geographical location (UTM) 672,845.34 of East longitude and 9796946.78 of South latitude. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement A (varieties) x B (fungicides), with three repetitions. The treatments were (Factor A: varieties): LAP-001-2020, LAP-002-2020 and LAP-003-2020. (Factor B: Fungicides and doses): (B1) Renaste (150 ml ha-1) + Serenade (500 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1000 ml ha-1), (B2) Renaste (300 ml ha-1) + Serenade (1000 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1500 ml ha-1), (B3) Propiconazole (500 ml ha-1) + Tebuconazole (500 ml ha-1) and (B4) Without application of fungicides. The variables evaluated were: incidence and severity of R. solani and G. graminis, efficacy of fungicides, plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, % of empty grains, weight of 1000 grains and yield. It was determined that the varieties with the application of fungicides and doses had a lower incidence in relation to the absolute control, similar behavior was observed in the severity of R. solani. Regarding the height of the plant, the LAP-002-2020 variety was the one that stood out. The number of tillers and panicles was not different (p> 0.05) in the varieties. In the variable number of grains per panicle, the LAP-002-2020 variety stood out. However, in the variable grains vain, the variety LAP-003-2020 reported a lower percentage of vaneamiento compared to the other varieties. This variety in combination with fungicides and doses, presented the best yields per hectare. It is concluded that the varieties LAP-001-2020, LAP-002-2020 and LAP-003-2020 combined with fungicides and doses minimized the incidence of G. graminis and R. solani, with respect to the absolute control. Meanwhile, the use of the LAP-003-2020 variety and the phytosanitary program based on the application of Renaste (150 ml ha-1) + Serenade (500 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1000 ml ha-1), in addition Integrating other management practices will minimize the incidence and severity of G. graminis and R. solani. El arroz (Oryza sativa) es un alimento básico de vital importancia para más de la mitad de la población a nivel mundial y durante su ciclo de vida es afectado por un sinnúmero de patógenos. Entre estos, Rhizoctonia solani y Gaeumannomyces graminis causan mermas significativas en los rendimientos. El manejo integrado como el uso de variedades resistentes, uso de herramientas químicas, botánicas, biológicas, entre otras, tiene una mayor aplicación en el control de enfermedades en el cultivo. Ante lo expuesto, el objetivo de la presente investigación se fundamenta en evaluar fungicidas ecológicos para el control de R. solani y G. graminis, en tres variedades de arroz. El ensayo fue realizado en el cantón Babahoyo, km 9 de la vía Babahoyo – Montalvo, con localización geográfica (UTM) 672845,34 de longitud Este y 9796946,78 de latitud Sur. El experimento fue constituido por 12 tratamientos dispuestos en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial A (variedades) x B (fungicidas), con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron (Factor A: variedades): LAP-001-2020, LAP-002-2020 y LAP-003-2020. (Factor B: Fungicidas y dosis): (B1) Renaste (150 ml ha-1) + Serenade (500 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1000 ml ha-1), (B2) Renaste (300 ml ha-1) + Serenade (1000 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1500 ml ha-1), (B3) Propiconazol (500 ml ha-1) + Tebuconazol (500 ml ha-1) y (B4) Sin aplicación de fungicidas. Las variables evaluadas fueron: incidencia y severidad de R. solani y G. graminis, eficacia de fungicidas, altura de planta, número de macollos, número de panículas, % de granos vanos, peso de 1000 granos y rendimiento. Se determinó que las variedades con la aplicación de fungicidas y dosis presentaron menor incidencia en relación al testigo absoluto, similar comportamiento fue observado en la severidad de R. solani. Respecto a la altura de planta la variedad LAP-002-2020 fue quien destacó. El número de macollos y panícula no fue diferente (p>0,05) en las variedades. En la variable número de granos por panícula destacó la variedad LAP-002-2020. Sin embargo, en la variable granos vanos, la variedad LAP-003-2020 reportó menor porcentaje de vaneamiento frente a las demás variedades. Esta variedad en combinación con los fungicidas y dosis, presentaron los mejores rendimientos por hectárea. Se concluye que las variedades LAP-001-2020, LAP-002-2020 y LAP-003-2020 combinadas con los fungicidas y dosis minimizaron la incidencia de G. graminis y R. solani, respecto al testigo absoluto. Entre tanto, el uso de la variedad LAP-003-2020 y el programa fitosanitario basado en la aplicación de Renaste (150 ml ha-1) + Serenade (500 ml ha-1) + Timorex (1000 ml ha-1), además de integrar otras prácticas de manejo permitirá minimizar la incidencia y severidad de G. graminis y R. solani.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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