Impactos ambientais da minera????o aluvionar de ouro na bacia do rio Boia ??? Amazonas

Autor: Marques, Ricardo L??vio Santos
Přispěvatelé: Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes, Fraxe, Therezinha de Jesus Pinto, Tomaz, Jennifer Souza, Silva, Carlos Augusto da
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFAM
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)
instacron:UFAM
Popis: Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2023-01-27T18:46:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2023-01-27T18:47:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2023-01-27T18:53:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2023-01-27T18:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ITEM INDISPON??VEL - Solicite c??pia.pdf: 84143 bytes, checksum: bec574cfc2dc76cf8ba0e289d73276b9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-03-07 The constant increase in the price of gold in the international market stimulated in Brazil the resumption and growth of artisanal mining of this metal, alluded to in the form of garimpos. The gold extraction process, in this model, operates with rudimentary techniques and methods that cause significant environmental damage. Obtaining ore, in this context of normative and technological precariousness, is based on a process that is deeply dependent on mercury, which, in unsuspecting mining situations, becomes a worrying source of chemical environmental contamination by heavy metals. This research aims to present a methodology that gathers information from multi-source remote sensors, field work and chemical analysis by x-ray fluorescence to qualify and quantify the environmental impacts caused by alluvial gold mining in the Boia River basin. The evaluation of environmental contamination by heavy metals was extended to the Western Amazon, using samples discarded from the gold amalgamation process and mercury recovery. A total of 1466 sites with deep environmental degradation were mapped in the Boia river basin that obliterate the fluvial geomorphology features and cause silting. Mercury contamination in Amazonian environments progresses as mining spreads along the rivers, even reaching remote regions driven by the high price of gold. Regional sources of mercury-contaminated material were identified, especially in the Japur?? River, with the capacity to contaminate millions of liters of drinking water daily. The inefficiency and ineptitude of preventive and supervisory action is mainly the result of the absence of the State in many areas with great logistical challenges and incipient legislation. O aumento constante do pre??o do ouro no mercado internacional estimulou no Brasil a retomada e crescimento da minera????o artesanal deste metal, aludida na forma de garimpos. O processo de extra????o do ouro, neste modelo, opera com t??cnicas e m??todos rudimentares que provocam relevantes danos ambientais. A obten????o do min??rio, nesse contexto de precariedade normativa e tecnol??gica, fundamenta-se em um processo profundamente dependente do merc??rio que, nas situa????es incautas de garimpo, torna-se uma preocupante fonte de contamina????o ambiental qu??mica por metais pesados. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia que re??ne informa????es de sensores remotos multifonte, trabalhos em campo e an??lises qu??micas por fluoresc??ncia de raios-x para qualificar e quantificar os impactos ambientais causados pela minera????o aluvionar de ouro na bacia do rio Boia. A avalia????o da contamina????o ambiental por metais pesados foi estendida para Amaz??nia Ocidental, utilizando amostras descartadas do processo de amalgama????o do ouro e recupera????o do merc??rio. Foram mapeados 1466 locais com degrada????o ambiental profunda na bacia do rio Boia que obtiveram as fei????es da geomorfologia fluvial e provocam assoreamento. A contamina????o por merc??rio nos ambientes amaz??nicos avan??a conforme os garimpos disseminam-se pelos rios, chegando mesmo a regi??es ermas impulsionados pelo elevado pre??o do ouro. Foram identificados focos regionais de lan??amento de materiais contaminados por merc??rio, especialmente no rio Japur??, com a capacidade de contaminar milh??es de litros de ??gua pot??vel diariamente. A inefici??ncia e in??pcia da atua????o preventiva e fiscalizadora ?? resultante principalmente da aus??ncia do Estado em muitas ??reas com grande desafio log??stico e uma legisla????o incipiente.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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