Agroforestry systems with guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense) on terrace and lowland in the Vale do Para?ba do Sul, Brazil

Autor: Devide, Antonio Carlos Pries
Přispěvatelé: Ribeiro, Raul de Lucena Duarte, Abboud, Ant?nio Carlos de Souza, Pereira, Marcos Gerv?sio, Almeida, Dejair Lopes de, Guerra, Jos? Guilherme Marinho, Oliveira, Rog?rio Ribeiro
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ)
instacron:UFRRJ
Popis: Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2019-01-03T14:13:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Antonio Carlos Pries Devide.pdf: 9219068 bytes, checksum: 6100b82fb569238b416e357ba6b71003 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-03T14:13:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Antonio Carlos Pries Devide.pdf: 9219068 bytes, checksum: 6100b82fb569238b416e357ba6b71003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-15 The study was carried out at Coruputuba Farm, in Pindamonhangaba, SP. The effects on the guanandi of agroforestry diversification were evaluated, with experiments in terrace to the lowland in blocks at random with eight replications, with the treatments: Monoculture of Guanandi; Simple AFS with annual crops between the lines and Biodiverse AFS with the same annual increases of banana, ju?ara and native trees. Cambisols Fl?vico dystrophic occur in the upper and middle third of the terraces and in the lower third Planossols H?plico of better fertility. The AFS favored the growth of guanandi with increment of the circumference to the soil height (CAS) in the Simple AFS. The performance of cassava was similar in AFS with 7,6 Mg ha-1 of fresh aerial mass (FM) and 6,3 Mg ha-1 of roots. In Biodiverse AFS, the pigeon pea provided 3,5 Mg ha-1 dry matter (DM), 1,3 Mg ha-1 firewood and 210 kg ha-1 grain. The arrowroot rotated with cassava was depleted in the Simple AFS with yield of 7,6 Mg rhizomes ha-1 and 15 Mg MF aerial ha-1 and with drought produced 2,5 Mg rhizomes ha-1 and 4,0 Mg MF aerial ha-1, adapting as a spontaneous plant. At Biodiverse AFS banana production of 21 Mg ha-1 (25 kg bunch-1) increased to 25 Mg ha-1 (30 kg bunch-1), providing 145 Mg ha-1 of organic residues rich in K+. The survival of the trees exceeded 69% for 11 species, and 60% for the ju?ara in middle and lower third, with a highlight in the growth of the mamica-de-porca, pau-viola e capixingui trees, with a higher frequency of pruning in anjico-preto, mamica-de-porca, aroeira, urucum e capixingui, obtaining 5,2 Mg MF ha-1. SAF improved soil fertility and reduced spontaneous vegetation. In the lowland the soils Planossolo H?plico, Cambisolos Fl?vico, Argissolo Amarelo and Gleissolo H?plico are dystrophic. Artemisia declined in the first year and in rotation, taro produced 15,17 Mg ha-1 of rhizomes in the Simple AFS; declining in the dry season of the second cycle, obtaining 13,5 Mg ha-1 DM of organic residues from the flem?ngia, with a cut-off interval of 12 weeks in the Simple AFS. In Biodiverse AFS banana tree produced 10,8 Mg ha-1 of late harvest bunches and 20 Mg ha-1 MF of K+ rich stem residues. The survival of sesbania was 66% and 69% for 12 forest species, such as urucum, ip?-rosa, ing?-do-brejo, imbiruss?, pinha-do-brejo, pau-viola, aroeira e anjico-preto, with 77% of survival of the ju?ara between the lines of the guanandi. Tree pruning generated 7,6 Mg ha-1 DM of leaves and firewood (2,8 Mg ha-1 FM), 70% of the material being sesbania and aroeira. Guapuruv?, pau-viola, aroeira, ing?-do-brejo and ip?-rosa presented the highest heights. AFS favored the growth of guanandi that reached 533 cm high in the floodplain. The Simple AFS was based on the intensive management of annual crops in the guanandi lines, which revealed the smallest amplitude of the growth components in Biodiverse AFS. This system has provided product diversity to regenerate the environment. A high sustainability index of 0,79 was obtained with the APOIA-NovoRural system. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Coruputuba, em Pindamonhangaba, SP. Avaliou-se os efeitos no guanandi da diversifica??o agroflorestal, com experimentos em terra?o ? v?rzea em blocos ao acaso com oito repeti??es, com os tratamentos: Monocultivo de Guanandi; SAF Simples com culturas anuais nas entrelinhas e SAF Biodiverso com as mesmas anuais acrescids de bananeiras, ju?ara e arb?reas nativas. Cambissolos Fl?vicos distr?ficos ocorrem no ter?o superior e m?dio dos terra?os e no ter?o inferior Planossolos H?plicos de melhor fertilidade. Os SAF favoreceram o crescimento do guanandi com incremento da circunfer?ncia a altura do solo (CAS) no SAF Simples. O desempenho da mandioca foi similar nos SAF com produ??o de 7,6 Mg ha-1 de massa fresca a?rea (MF) e 6,3 Mg ha-1 de ra?zes. No SAF Biodiverso o guandu aportou 3,5 Mg ha-1 de massa seca (MS), 1,3 Mg lenha ha-1 e 210 kg gr?os ha-1. A araruta em rota??o com a mandioca se desacou no SAF Simples com produ??o de 7,6 Mg de rizomas ha-1 e 15 Mg MF a?rea ha-1 e com estiagem produziu 2,5 Mg rizomas ha-1 e 4 Mg MF a?rea ha-1, adaptando-se como planta espont?nea. No SAF Biodiverso a produ??o de bananas de 21 Mg ha-1 (25 kg cacho-1) aumentou para 25 Mg ha-1 (30 kg cacho-1), fornecendo 145 Mg ha-1 de res?duos org?nicos ricos em K+. A sobreviv?ncia das arb?reas superou 69% para 11 esp?cies, e 60% para a ju?ara no ter?o m?dio e inferior, com destaque no crescimento das arb?reas mamica-de-porca, pau-viola e capixingui, com maior frequ?ncia de podas em anjico-preto, mamica-de-porca, aroeira, urucum e capixingui obtendo-se 5,2 Mg MF ha-1. O SAF melhorou a fertilidade dos solos e reduziu a vegeta??o espont?nea. Na v?rzea Planossolo H?plico, Cambissolos Fl?vico, Argissolo Amarelo e Gleissolo H?plico s?o distr?ficos. A artem?sia decl?nou no primeiro ano e em rota??o, o taro produziu 15,17 Mg ha-1 de rizomas no SAF Simples; declinando na seca do segundo ciclo, obtendo-se 13,5 Mg ha-1 de MS de res?duos org?nicos da flem?ngia com intervalo de corte de 12 semanas no SAF Simples. No SAF Biodiverso a bananeira produziu 10,8 Mg ha-1 de cachos em colheita tardia e 20 Mg ha-1 de MF de res?duos de pseudocaule ricos em K+. A sobreviv?ncia da sesb?nia foi de 66% e de 69% para 12 esp?cies florestais destaque urucum, ip?-rosa, ing?-do-brejo, imbiruss?, pinha-do-brejo, pau-viola, aroeira e anjico-preto, com 77% de sobreviv?ncia da ju?ara nas entrelinhas do guanandi. A poda das arb?reas gerou 7,6 Mg ha-1 MS de folhas e lenha (2,8 Mg ha-1 MF) sendo 70% do material de sesb?nia e aroeira. Guapuruv?, pau-viola, aroeira, ing?-do-brejo e ip? rosa apresentaram as maiores alturas. Os SAF favoreceram o crescimento do guanandi que atingiu 533 cm de altura na v?rzea. O SAF Simples baseou-se no manejo intensivo de culturas anuais nas entrelinhas do guanandi, que revelou a menor amplitude dos componentes de crescimento no SAF Biodiverso. Esse sistema forneceu diversidade de produtos regenerando o ambiente. Obteve-se um ?ndice de sustentabilidade elevado de 0,79 com o sistema APOIA-NovoRural.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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