Efeito da aduba????o fosfatada sobre par??metros morfol??gicos e fisiol??gicos de duas esp??cies florestais nativas da Amaz??nia

Autor: Seabra, Carla Eloiza Bavose Campos
Přispěvatelé: Tucci, Carlos Alberto Franco, Pereira, Bruno Fernando Faria, Minogue, Patrick Joseph, Hara, Francisco Adilson dos Santos, Ferreira, Marciel Jos??, Astolfi Filho, Spartaco, Silva, Wellington Gomes da
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFAM
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)
instacron:UFAM
Popis: Submitted by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T17:57:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carla Eloiza B. C. Seabra.pdf: 1211089 bytes, checksum: 1125d30550099fb430808207eb415619 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T17:58:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carla Eloiza B. C. Seabra.pdf: 1211089 bytes, checksum: 1125d30550099fb430808207eb415619 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T17:59:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carla Eloiza B. C. Seabra.pdf: 1211089 bytes, checksum: 1125d30550099fb430808207eb415619 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T17:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Carla Eloiza B. C. Seabra.pdf: 1211089 bytes, checksum: 1125d30550099fb430808207eb415619 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) is in high demand world-wide, and is one of Brazil???s most highly valued forestry species. Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale Cav. ex. Lamb.) also has broad usage and great market potential owing to extremely rapid growth rates. Rather than harvesting these increasingly rare timber species from native forests, high density commercial plantings have been established. However, there is little information concerning the nutritional requirements of both species, especially regarding the response to soil phosphorous (P). Phosphorous is expensive in Brazil and over use is associated with adverse environmental consequences. In this study, we examined the effects of four levels of P fertilization (0, 1, 10 and 100 kg ha-1) on biometric and physiological parameters of mahogany and balsa wood seedlings grown in the greenhouse. The response to P was markedly different for the two species. For mahogany, seedling height, seedling diameter, leaf area, leaf weight, stem dry weight, and total dry weight increased at the 100 kg/ha-1 P level. The greatest increase (3- to 5- fold) occurred for leaf area and leaf weight, whereas root dry mass was not influenced by P. Similarly, %N and %P (but not %C) in leaf, stem and root tissue increased with increasing P level, but increased drastically at the 100 kg/ha-1 P treatment. The divalent cations (Ca and Mg) increased in foliar tissue, yet the concentrations of organic acids in xylem fluid declined with increasing P. Leaf macro- and micro-nutrients concentrations were influenced by P treatments, with the exception of Zn and Fe. Leaf, stem and root P utilization efficiency was highest at the 0, 1 or 10 level. Root phosphatase activity was unaffected by P level. By contrast, balsa responded greatly to increasing P concentration, although the most dramatic increase was at 100 kg/ha-1. For example, there was a 9-, 4-, 66-, 25-, 65-, 25- and 32-fold increase for seedling height, seedling diameter, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, root dry mass, and total dry mass, respectively, for the 0 compared to the 100 kg/ha-1 treatment. Leaf, stem and root %N decreased and %P increased with increasing P levels. Macro and micro nutrient levels wereinfluenced by P treatment, with the exception of Mn. The concentrations of organic acids in xylem fluid were altered by P fertilization; and malic, succinic, and lactic acids were highest at the 100 kg/ha-1 treatment. Leaf, stem and root P utilization efficiency increased greatly with increasing P level; however, root phosphatase activity decreased with increasing P levels. The implications of these physiologic data are discussed in relation to management strategies for the culture of mahogany and balsa. Plantios comerciais de mogno e pau-de-balsa, com maiores rela????es custo/benef??cio, podem alavancar o mercado de madeira de esp??cies nativas, tanto interno quanto externo. Mogno e pau-de-balsa est??oentre as mais valiosas esp??cies de madeira com diversos usos, sendo ambas economicamente promissoras. Todavia, informa????es sobre a influ??ncia do f??sforo (P) na nutri????o e desenvolvimento das mesmas s??o incipientes. Em condi????es de casa de vegeta????o, avaliou-se os efeitos de quatro doses de P (0; 1; 10 e 100 kg ha-1) sobre par??metros biom??tricos e fisiol??gicos dessas esp??cies. Para mogno, as doses crescentes de P elevaram o crescimento da parte a??rea, os conte??dos de carbono, nitrog??nio, P e, as concentra????es foliares de macronutrientes e mangan??s, e diminu??ram a efici??ncia de utiliza????o de P, as concentra????es foliares de boro e cobre e, a concentra????o dos ??cidos org??nicos no fluido do xilema. N??o foi verificado efeito sobre o crescimento de raiz, as concentra????es foliares de Zn e Fe, e a atividade de fosfatase de raiz. Destaca-se que houve correla????o inversa entre a atividade de fosfatase ??cida de raiz e o crescimento da parte a??rea e, P e N acumulados na planta. Para pau-de-balsa, o aumento das doses de P elevou o crescimento da parte a??rea, a efici??ncia de utiliza????o de P e a concentra????o de ??cidos org??nicos no fluido do xilema. As concentra????es foliares de nutrientes foram afetadas de forma variada pela aplica????o de doses de P: P, magn??sio e c??lcio aumentaram e, nitrog??nio, pot??ssio, enxofre, boro, zinco e cobre diminu??ram. Doses crescentes de P diminu??ram a atividade de fosfatase ??cida de raiz. N??o foi verificado efeito sobre as concentra????es foliares de mangan??s, ferro e do ??cido ox??lico no fluido no xilema. Em geral, doses crescentes de P melhoram a forma????o das mudas dessas esp??cies. Por??m, uma aduba????o equivalente a 100 kg P ha-1 pode causar desequil??brio de crescimento em mudas de pau-debalsa.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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