Diverg??ncia gen??tica, adaptabilidade e estabilidade e ganhos de sele????o para caracteres agroindustriais de gen??tipos de guaranazeiro

Autor: Nina, Natasha Veruska dos Santos
Přispěvatelé: andre.atroch@embrapa.br, Atroch, Andr?? Luiz, Schimpl, Fl??via Camila
Jazyk: portugalština
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Zdroj: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFAM
Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)
instacron:UFAM
Popis: Submitted by Natasha Nina (nina.natashavs@gmail.com) on 2019-04-10T05:13:20Z No. of bitstreams: 4 TESE_PGATR_Natasha Veruska dos Santos Nina_2019.pdf: 2174703 bytes, checksum: 99f7c71e39e0eb2f92e6820663e9a42b (MD5) cartaencaminhamento_Natasha Nina.pdf: 333049 bytes, checksum: 62d537742aa542f932b177771ee6182a (MD5) Folha de aprova????o_Natasha Nina.pdf: 558114 bytes, checksum: cc41ee6c2b861149bf7a78a5ea81f212 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Agronomia Tropical PPGAGTR (agronomiatropical@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-04-10T15:28:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 TESE_PGATR_Natasha Veruska dos Santos Nina_2019.pdf: 2174703 bytes, checksum: 99f7c71e39e0eb2f92e6820663e9a42b (MD5) cartaencaminhamento_Natasha Nina.pdf: 333049 bytes, checksum: 62d537742aa542f932b177771ee6182a (MD5) Folha de aprova????o_Natasha Nina.pdf: 558114 bytes, checksum: cc41ee6c2b861149bf7a78a5ea81f212 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2019-04-12T15:26:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 TESE_PGATR_Natasha Veruska dos Santos Nina_2019.pdf: 2174703 bytes, checksum: 99f7c71e39e0eb2f92e6820663e9a42b (MD5) cartaencaminhamento_Natasha Nina.pdf: 333049 bytes, checksum: 62d537742aa542f932b177771ee6182a (MD5) Folha de aprova????o_Natasha Nina.pdf: 558114 bytes, checksum: cc41ee6c2b861149bf7a78a5ea81f212 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-12T15:26:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 TESE_PGATR_Natasha Veruska dos Santos Nina_2019.pdf: 2174703 bytes, checksum: 99f7c71e39e0eb2f92e6820663e9a42b (MD5) cartaencaminhamento_Natasha Nina.pdf: 333049 bytes, checksum: 62d537742aa542f932b177771ee6182a (MD5) Folha de aprova????o_Natasha Nina.pdf: 558114 bytes, checksum: cc41ee6c2b861149bf7a78a5ea81f212 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-21 CAPES - Coordena????o de Aperfei??oamento de Pessoal de N??vel Superior 92 984161811 Guarana is an Amazon plant that has great economic potential due their antioxidant, energy and medicinal properties attributed to methylxanthines and polyphenols, being used as functional foods, cosmetics, soft drinks, food and energy industries. The knowledge of the behavior of guaran?? genotypes in different environments aim to assist the breeding programs in the search for genotypes with higher contents of methylxanthines and phenolics compounds, associated with productivity. This study aimed to estimate the genetic relationships to select guaran?? genotypes with desirable attributes in relation to agroindustrial characters in three locations in the State of Amazonas. Nine characters were evaluated in 8 genotypes established in three different sites along two years. The theobromine, caffeine, theophylline, catechin and epicatechin contents were quantified in extracts of mature seeds of guarana by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Each metabolite yield was calculated in function of dry seeds mass. Genetic variability was assessed by analysis of variance and Tukey's mean test, the dissimilarity by Mean Euclidean Distance, the dendrogram by Mean Linkage between Groups (UPGMA) and genetic correlation. Were evaluated analysis of variance, genotype x environment interaction, phenotypic correlations, the REML / BLUP analysis, the mean and variance components, adaptability and stability, classification of guaran?? contents and typology, genetic values and selection index of Mulamba- Rank. Mature seeds have high levels of catechin, epicatechin, caffeine, lower theobromine values. Caffeine metabolism appears to be more stable in guarana than in other species. More productive plants tend to have higher caffeine and catechin contents. In the dendrogram there were two groups and six subgroups. Methylxanthines and phenolics can be used as descriptors for diversity studies in guaran??. The genotypes were classified into three commercial groups: "energetic and antioxidant" (CIR815, CIR904, CMA498), "antioxidant" (BRS Mau??s, CMU874) and "energetic" (CMA831 and CMU952, BRS-CG372). The genotypes CIR815 and CIR904 are potential future commercial cultivars of guaran??. The crosses with interesting characteristics to be explored in the genetic improvement program of guaran??, such as variability, in the search for higher levels of methylxanthines and phenolics are proposed, such as: CIR815 x BRS Mau??s, BRS Mau??s x CIR904, BRS-CG372 x CIR815, BRS-CG372 x CIR904 and BRS Mau??s x BRS-CG372. The genotypes with high adaptability and stability and greater gains were the cultivar BRS Mau??s, CIR815, CIR904, and CMU874 that being potential commercial cultivars. The caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, seed productivity and caffeine, catechin and epicatechin productivities are highly influenced by the environment. The accumulation of caffeine is higher at high temperatures and thermal amplitude, catechin and epicatechin vary according to annual precipitation, theobromine has very low environmental influence and high genetic influence. The productivities of dried seeds, caffeine, catechin and epicatechin are parameters that can be used for the selection of guaranazeiros genotypes. O guaranazeiro ?? uma planta da Amaz??nia e possui grande potencial econ??mico por ter propriedades antioxidantes, energ??ticas e medicinais atribu??dos ??s metilxantinas e aos polifen??is, sendo utilizados como alimentos funcionais, ind??strias de cosm??ticos, de refrigerantes, aliment??cia e de energ??ticos. O conhecimento do comportamento de gen??tipos de guaranazeiro em diferentes ambientes tem a finalidade de auxiliar o programa de melhoramento gen??tico do guaranazeiro na busca de gen??tipos com maiores concentra????es de metilxantinas e fen??licos, associado ?? produtividade. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar as rela????es gen??ticas para selecionar gen??tipos de guaranazeiro com atributos desej??veis em rela????o aos caracteres agroindustriais em diferentes locais do Estado do Amazonas. As avalia????es foram realizadas em oito gen??tipos e nove caracteres, em tr??s locais e em dois anos. A teobromina, cafe??na, teofilina, catequina e epicatequina foram quantificadas em extratos de sementes maduras de guaran?? por Cromatografia L??quida de Alta Efici??ncia-CLAE. Foi calculada a produtividade de sementes secas, e em fun????o de cada metab??lito. Foi avaliada variabilidade gen??tica pela an??lise de vari??ncia e teste de m??dias de Tukey, dissimilaridade pela Dist??ncia Euclidiana M??dia, dendrograma pela Liga????o M??dia entre Grupos (UPGMA) e correla????o gen??tica. Foi realizada a an??lise de vari??ncia, intera????o gen??tipo x ambiente, correla????es fenot??picas, na an??lise REML/BLUP os componentes de m??dia e vari??ncia, adaptabilidade e estabilidade, classifica????o de teores e tipologia do guaranazeiro, valores gen??ticos e ??ndice de sele????o de gen??tipos de Mulamba-Mock. Sementes maduras t??m altos teores de catequina, epicatequina, cafe??na, menores valores de teobromina. Plantas mais produtivas tiveram os maiores tores de cafe??na e catequina. O metabolismo de cafe??na parece ser mais est??vel que em outras esp??cies. No dendrograma houve a forma????o de dois grupos e seis sub-grupos. As metilxantinas e fen??licos podem ser utilizados como descritores para estudos de diversidade no guaranazeiro. Os gen??tipos foram separados em tr??s grupos comerciais: ???Guaran?? energ??tico e antioxidante??? (CIR815, CIR904, CMA498), ???Guaran?? antioxidante??? (BRS Mau??s, CMU874) e ???Guaran?? energ??tico??? (CMA831 e CMU952, BRS-CG372). A cafe??na, catequina, epicatequina, produtividade de sementes e produtividades de cafe??na, catequina e epicatequina s??o altamente influenciados pelo ambiente. O ac??mulo de cafe??na ?? maior em altas temperaturas e amplitude t??rmica, catequina e epicatequina variam de acordo com precipita????o anual, teobromina tem baix??ssima influencia ambiental e alta influencia gen??tica. As produtividades de sementes secas, cafe??na, catequina e epicatequina s??o par??metros que podem ser utilizados para a sele????o de gen??tipos de guaranazeiros. Os gen??tipos CIR815 e CIR904 s??o potenciais futuros cultivares comerciais de guaranazeiro. S??o propostos os cruzamentos com caracter??sticas interessantes para serem explorados no programa de melhoramento gen??tico do guaranazeiro, como a variabilidade, na busca por maiores teores de metilxantinas e fen??licos. Cruzamentos propostos: CIR815 x BRS Mau??s, BRS Mau??s x CIR904, BRS-CG372 x CIR815, BRS-CG372 x CIR904, BRS Mau??s x BRS-CG372. Os gen??tipos com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade e maiores ganhos foram a cultivar BRS Mau??s, CIR815, CIR904, e CMU874 sendo potenciais futuros cultivares.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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