Nutritional strategies for production early cattle at weaning and slaughter from a dual purpose system of milk production
| Autor: | Menezes, Gustavo Chamon de Castro |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Detmann, Edenio, Marcondes, Marcos Inácio, Valadares Filho, Sebastião de Campos, Rennó, Luciana Navajas, Braga, Marcelo José, Ruas, José Reinaldo Mendes |
| Jazyk: | portugalština |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) instacron:UFV |
| Popis: | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This study was maked from an experiment described in the form of two chapters. In chapter 1 the objetive was evaluate the effect of different nutritional strategies in dual- purpose system enhancing the performance of calves and establishing standards to dairy crossbred calves. 60 Holstein x Zebu F1 cows and their calves 3/4 x 1/4 Zebu Holstein were used, distributed in 5 different treatments of nutritional strategies. The strategies used in milk production in dual purpose system consisted of restricted supply daily 1 kg of concentrate per calf. The strategy called short milking period (180 days), normal (270 days of milking) was used. All weaning were performed abruptly when calves reached 270 days of age. The F2 calves were distributed in 12 animals per treatment (5 females and 7 males). The cows were milked twice daily, its production being recorded every 15 days. Cows of group 1, 2 and 3 have been milked for 270 days, with 1 as the control treatment (no concentrated to calves). The calves of treatments 2 and 3 received daily 1 kg of concentrate of 90 to 270 days of age and 180 to 270 days of age, respectively. The cows of treatments 4 and 5 were milked for 180 days and released to pasture with calves that were fed the treatment 4 of 90 to 180 days of age, while in treatment 5, the concentrate was offered to the calves of 90 to 270 days of age. Calves were fed by feeding directly into their mothers before and after milking. The concentrates fed to cows and calves were composed of corn and soybean meal with 20% crude protein. The oxytocin one ml was used to estimate monthly milk intake of calves before and after milking (stimulation milk and residual milk), samples were collected for analysis of components. To estimate the individual intake of forage, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) was used as an internal indicator. To estimate the faecal output of calves, the external indicator titanium dioxide was supplied in the amount of 10 grams daily in single dose at 7 am, seven days, and stool samples obtained by rectal palpation during three days in three different times daily. The design of experiment was completely randomized. Data milk intake (stimulus or residual), milk production (composition), nutrient intake, body weight and daily weight gain were calculated for each calf per treatment in each period. All statistical analyzes were performed using the PROC MIXED of SAS (version 9.3) program using 0.05 as the critical level of probability for error type I. The daily intake of milk before milking, the calf was approximately 3 liters. The daily intake of milk after milking the cows was 2 liter per day calf, containing high fat composition. The residual milk after milking has a high somatic cell count. The supply of concentrate to 90 days of age at weaning improved (P 0.05) interaction between sex and periods in confinement. The heifers had higher intake (P 0.05) in losses during cooling and length of carcasses. The daily weight gain had an effect (P 0,05) da interação entre sexo e períodos em confinamento. As novilhas apresentaram maior consumo (P0,05) nas perdas durante o resfriamento e no comprimento das carcaças. O ganho de peso diário apresentou efeito (P |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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