Genetic connectivity of an endangered shark across nursery areas from the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Autor: Elizondo Sancho, Mariana, Rodríguez Arriatti, Yehudi Nafisa, Albertazzi Castro, Federico José, Bonilla Salazar, Adrián, Arauz Naranjo, Daniel, Arauz Vargas, Randall, Areano, Elisa, Ávalos Castillo, Cristopher, Brenes, Óscar, Chávez Calderón, Elpis Joan, Dominici Arosemena, Arturo, Espinoza Mendiola, Mario, Heidemeyer, Maike, Tavares, Rafael, Hernández, Sebastián
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: PLOS ONE
Kérwá
Universidad de Costa Rica
instacron:UCR
Popis: Defining demographically independent units and understanding gene flow between them is essential for managing and conserving exploited populations. The scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini , is a coastal semi-oceanic species found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. Pregnant females give birth in shallow coastal estuarine habitats that serve as nursery grounds for neonates and small juveniles, and adults move offshore and become highly migratory. We evaluated the population structure and connectivity of S. lewini in coastal areas across the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) using both sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtCR) and nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci. The mtCR defined two genetically discrete geographic groups: the Mexican Pacific and the central-southern Eastern Tropical Pacific (Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, and Colombia). Overall, the mtCR data showed low levels of haplotype diversity ranged from 0.000 to 0.608, while nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.000 to 0.0015. A more fine-grade population structure analysis was detected using microsatellite loci where Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panamá differed significantly. Genetic diversity analysis with nuclear markers revealed an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.68 to 0.71 and an allelic richness from 5.89 to 7.00. Relatedness analysis revealed that individuals within nursery areas were more closely related than expected by chance, suggesting that S. lewini may exhibit reproductive philopatric behaviour within the ETP. Findings of at least two different management units, and evidence of philopatric behaviour call for intensive conservation actions for this critically endangered species in the ETP. Universidad de Costa Rica/[801-B6-214]/UCR/Costa Rica National Secretary of Science and Technology/[FID-156]/SENACYT/Ecuador The Phoenix Zoo/[no.33297]//Estados Unidos PADI Foundation/[no.32809]//Estados Unidos Rufford Foundation/[no.22366-1]//Reino Unidos Waitt Foundation/[no.33297]//Estados Unidos Fundación Reserva Ojochal/[]//Costa Rica The Whitley Fund for Nature/[]/WFN/Reino Unido Sandler Family Foundation/[]//Estados Unidos Osa Conservation/[]//Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biología UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR)
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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