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Aim of work: to estimate morfological and anatomical structure peculiarities of stems and leaves of Monarda didyma L.during vegetation time in Lithuania. Tasks: 1. To estimate the dynamics of the firsts and the seconds, the sixths and the seventh years of Red Beebalm (Monarda didyma L.) of overground part growthin vegetation time. 2. To investigate and estimate climatic causes influence on rhythmics of Red Beebalm (Monarda didyma L.) 3. To investigate the peculiarities of the morphological structure in leaves of the firsts and the seconds, the sixths and the seventh years Red Beebalm plants in different vegetation period. 4. To estimate the peculiarities of the anatomical structure in stems and leaves epidermis of the firsts and the seconds, the the sixths and the seventh years Red Beebalm plants in different vegetation period. Methods:1. Assays to Measure have been accomplished in vegetation period (during the intensive growth, butanization, the beginning and the end of flowering time, seed maturation) and during different years of planting growth (during the growing time of the firsts and the seconds, the the sixths and the sevenths years). 2. It has been quantified the hydrothermal coefficient, which describes the meteorological conditions of plant vegetation period. 3. It has been prepared raw matereal for anatomical investigations: desiccated raw matereal has been bottled in the mixture of glycerol, water and ethanol by ratio 2:2:6. 4. The anatomical investigations have been accomplished by using microscope Olympus CX 21 and digital microscopic camera „BMS Microscope Camera 5,0 Mp“, which was connected with computer program. 5. The measurments have been reiterated 5-7 times. It has been accomplished statistical processing of the data by using Microsoft Excel. Results: 1.In the first year, Red Beebalm grows to 45 cm, in the second to 114 cm, in the sixth to 115 cm, in the seventh to 119 cm height. The projection area of the biggest plant has been determined in the end of flowering time. 2. The year of optimum humidity was 2014 and 2015 accordingly to HTK – 1,43 and 1,06. 3. The number of Red Beebalms leaves increases until the time of massive flowering time. 4. It has been determined that Red Beebalm stem of the firsts and the seconds, the the sixths and the seventh years is covered by one-layer epidermis. In the end of flowering and seed maturation time, epidermis is covered by 0,007±0,003 mmthickness cuticle. The diameter of wood in stem increased all the time since intensive time of growth until seed maturation time. 5. The number of stomata in underneath side of a leaf epidermis is twice bigger than in the upper side of a leaf epidermis during the time of vegetation. The biggest number of glands has been followed during intensive flowering time. Conclusions: 1. Red Beebalms (Monarda didyma L.) which is transfered by climatic conditions of central Lithuania, proceeds the whole development cycle until seed maturation time.The maximum time-period of vegetation is 181 days, the minimum time-period 166 days.It has been determined that the overground growth and development ofMonarda didyma L.depend on the age of plant in vegetaton stages separately. The overground part develops more slowly in the first year of growing 3. The growing becomes more intensive since the second year of growing i.e. since the beginning of vegetation until intensive flowering. On the contrary, since the flowering time until to maturation of plants starts slowing down.The estimation of the meteorological causes influence on plants vegetation rhythmics has shown that correlation dependence of intensive growth, flowering and seed maturation depends on hydrothermal coefficient in vegetation time of plants. The earliest intensive growth and seed maturation starts with intensive flowering, when the degree of humidity is optimum in surplus humidity year. 4. The number of Monarda didyma L. leavesincreases until the massive flowering time. The length and width of leaves increases until the end of July in the first year of plant growing. The length and width of leaves almost do not change since the end of July until Septmeber. The biggest number of leaves, leaves length and widthof the firsts and the seconds, the sixths and the seventh years plantshave been determined during the most intensive time of flowering time and flowering time end. 5. It has been determined that a stem of Monarda didymaL. is not a vascular bundles type. In addition, vascular tissues locate in sifonostele. The diameter of stem phloem decreases during growing time. On the contrary, the diameter of xylem increases during vegetation time. 6. After the estimation of anatomical leaves epidermis structure, it has been determined diacytic type of stomata. During the changes of vegetation stages, the number of stomata decreases in the upper epidermis of a leaf. On the contrary, the number of stomata increases in the underneath epidermis. The biggest number of glands in the upper and underneath epidermis has been determined during the most intensive flowering time. |
