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The aim of research: to determine the relationship between the duration and habits of using a smartphone of athletes and non-athletes adolescents. The tasks of research: 1. To determine the habits of athletes and non-athletes adolescents using smartphone and duration. 2. To evaluate the position of the athletes and non-athletes adolescents head in the sagittal plane and cervical spine extension and flexion range of motion. 3. To identify and compare the strength and endurance of deep neck muscles in athletes and non-athletes adolescents. 4. To evaluate athletes and non-athletes adolescents smartphone usage duration influence on upper trapezius and cervical erector spinea muscle fatigue. 5. To determine the relationship between athletes and non-athletes adolescents' use of smartphones and their duration, head position, deep neck muscle strength and endurance. The methodology and organization of research: The study involved students aged from 15 to 17 years old (n = 27). According to the responses of the questionnaire, the subject were selected without any structural posture changes: athletes adolescents (sports: basketball, volleyball) engaged in sports for at least 1 year, 3 and more times a week; non-athletes adolescents (visiting Physical Education Lessons). Distribution of adolescents in groups: athletes - 15 teenagers: 7 boys and 8 girls and non-athletes: 12 teenagers: 8 boys and 4 girls. Used methods: The questionnaire, “Wall” test, evaluation of cervical spine flexion and extension, deep neck muscle endurance and strength tests, evaluation of upper trapezius and neck extensors fatigue. Conclusions: 1. Most teenagers use their smartphone for more than six years, and most often do so while sitting, one-quarter lying on their abdomen. Most teens use their smartphone for one to three hours a day. The duration and habits of smartphone use by adolescent athletes and non-athletes are similar 2. There was no difference in head position, cervical spine flexion and extention between athlete adolescent and non-athlete adolescents. 3. The strength and endurance of the adolescent’s deep neck muscles were not statistically significantly different between athletes and non-athletes. 4. The left and right muscles of the upper trapezius muscle activity after 20 minutes of use of the smartphone were higher in the group of adolescent athletes. In non-athlete adolescents, greater fatigue of the right neck neck was observed. 5. As the duration of smartphone use increases, the strength of the deep neck muscles decreases. |
