Посольский «Корм» как составная часть дипломатического дарообмена Московского государства XVI-XVII вв
| Jazyk: | ruština |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
«КОРМ» ПОСОЛ МЕСТНИЧЕСТВО «КОРМЛЕНИЕ» ГОСУДАРЕВА «ЧЕСТЬ» "FORAGE" "FEEDING" «HONOUR OF SOVEREIGN» |
| Zdroj: | Вестник Томского государственного университета. История. |
| ISSN: | 2311-2387 1998-8613 |
| Popis: | Исследуется русская традиция обеспечения иностранных посольств продовольствием за счет царской казны. Выявляются истоки и особенности этой практики в России, а также раскрывается ее специфическое предназначение в дипломатической практике Московского государства периода XVI—XVII вв. In XVI XVII centuries in a number of the countries of the Europe and Asia operated special norms of a content of foreign embassies. As one of them practice of granting by the visitor to diplomats due to the state of stay of the foodstuffs which in the Moscow state an empire referred to as ambassadorial "forage" acted. The college of ambassadorial "forage" in the Moscow state had a number of the features distinguished it from similar expert, occured in other countries. So, the overseas ambassador was put on full content due to imperial treasury during all stay in Russia. The food allowance of diplomats intentionally joined a greater fraction of alcoholic drinks that contacted Russian traditions about hospitality and intention to find out at foreigners the secret information. As sources of the given phenomenon in the Moscow state components closely interconnected among themselves, namely system of regionalism and feedings Moscow service class acted; main for Russia XVI XVII centuries concept «honor of the sovereign»; ancient magic concepts about communication of the world of people with the world of things, partly transferred to Russian ambassadorial custom. Each element and their set reflected aspiration of Moscow to take durable positions in the international political arena and to enter into number of powerful and authoritative powers. The system of regionalism has laid down in a basis of specific ranging the states and sovereigns which could and could not be considered to the Moscow tsars "more exactly". In the Middle Ages the state was personified in sovereign, therefore the diplomatic relations of the Moscow Russia were under construction on a principle maintenance of «honor of the sovereign», and ambassadorial "forage" acted as one of ways of its protection as showed generosity and power of the Moscow tsars. Also sources of "forage" go back to an antiquity when was considered, that any thing by all means bore in itself a part of force of the owner and did dependent the person to whom it gave. In this context, receiving from tsar-autocrat "forage", the foreigner symbolically turned to its citizen, temporarily becoming dependent on it, instead of from own monarch. The institute of "forage" was not simply the certificate of generosity of Russian governors, but an element diplomatic exchange of the gifts, connected with daily practice. Receiving "forage" ambassadors thanked employees of the Ambassadorial order various gifts, and Russian citizens handed over these gifts in imperial treasury and from it bore retaliation gifts on behalf of tsar. This act occured, apparently, in many respects because of mystical concepts to not be in debt, not run into dependence on strangers and to not leave from under sacral authority of Russian sovereign. Thus in diplomacy of the Moscow kingdom there was an original circulation of gifts and retaliation gifts. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|