Интенсивность труда
| Jazyk: | ruština |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Вестник Томского государственного университета. |
| ISSN: | 1561-803X 1561-7793 |
| Popis: | Рассматривается опыт исследования интенсивности труда как составляющей части производительности труда в материальном производстве и сфере услуг. Проблема интенсивности труда связана, с одной стороны, с явными недоразумениями в понятии интенсивности труда, а с другой с отсутствием достаточно простых и надежных моделей ее определения Intensity of labour is one of important characteristics of work, its intensity. Intensity of labour has no reliable, scientifically proved estimation, and this indicator is not used in practice of manufacture and in the sphere of services. The foreign theory and practice in definition of intensity of labour bases on the speed of walking of the worker within 7-7,5 km per hour or the norm setter's estimations of skill, diligence, working conditions and a constancy with numerical values that is imperfect, for it depends on the expert's qualification and his/her personal orientation. A. Abrutstsi, U. Gomberg, L. Lauri, H. Mejnard, G. Stegmerten, etc. discussed intensity of labour in their works. The Soviet-Russian scientists (G. Tcherkasov, V. Sereda, F. Hamidullin, O. Platov, R. Chesinene, B. Genkin, etc.) understand energy losses of the person as intensity of labour at a unit of time. The purpose of the work consists in developing the concept intensity of labour to its true understanding as a certain quantity of labour spent during given time (K. Marx). Also the purpose of the work was to create a technique for definition of intensity of labour and accompanying indicators with approbation at certain enterprises of bearing sub-branch of mechanical engineering of Tomsk, Moscow and Saratov. Scientific novelty of article consists in the theoretical and mathematical proof of the quantity of labour as a category of economics, expressed as КТ=М√ц where КТ is quantity of labour; M is the weight of a product, goods, service; ц is the price of unit of a product, goods, service. To define intensity of labour, it is necessary to divide the value of quantity of labour by working hours, i.e. ИТ = КТ/РВ. Thus, intensity of labour is a category of economics, not of psychophysiology. However, the meaning of the quantity of labour is much broader. The quantity of labour helps define the productive force of work as ПСТ = М/КТ and labour productivity is defined as ПТ = ПСТ × ИТ or ПТ (М/РВ )= ПСТ (М/КТ) × И(КТ/РВ). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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