Традиционные бытовые практики евреев Витебщины в контексте советских реалий 1920-х гг
| Jazyk: | ruština |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
ЕВРЕЙСКАЯ СЕКЦИЯ ГУБКОМА НОВЫЙ СОВЕТСКИЙ БЫТ СВЕТСКИЕ И МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ БРАКИ "RED CIRCUMCISION" "RED PESACH" |
| Zdroj: | Метаморфозы истории. |
| Popis: | В статье рассматриваются изменения, происходившие в повседневных бытовых практиках еврейского населения Витебщины в процессе формирования нового советского быта и борьбы местных большевиков с иудаизмом. Значительную роль в этих процессах сыграла еврейская секция губернского комитета РКП(б). In the context of the common struggle of the Bolsheviks with Judaism, the displacement of this religion and its household traditions begins. Being a religion of a mono-ethnic character, Judaism was particularly unacceptable for the Bolsheviks because it proclaimed the priority of «national» over «class». Since autumn 1921 the campaign against the Sabbath rest began. The Jewish department of the RCP committee involves local Jewish proletariat into the so-called «voskresniks» and «subbotniks» organized during the celebration of Pesach, as well as «sredniks», to mark the autumn cycle of «penitential days». The Jewish holidays are substituted and pseudo rituals appear, such as «red circumcision», «red Seders». Also some changes in the sphere of marriage and family relations occur: secular and inter-ethnic marriages, divorces and alimony cases were considered in Soviet courts. However, these changes affected mainly those Jews who wanted to assimilate and take up a post. The majority them especially those living in small towns, did not accept all the innovations and during the 1920 s remained committed to traditional household practices ordained by their religion. Local party and Komsomol members often showed «double standards»: supported the struggle with religious vestiges officially, but at home they observed traditional holidays, food restrictions, etc. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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