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Refractive anomalies are the most common eye diseases during infancy. When it comes to children in their pre-school age, amblyopia and amblyogenic risk factors, such as strabismus and significant refractive errors are the most prevalent and the most important eye diseases. If discovered on time, an intervention is possible in time for the changes to be treated and prevention from further deterioration of the condition is also possible.Common loss of visual acuity and the appearance of amblyopia (lazy eye) can happen if strabismus and its consequences are not treated at the age between 6 and 9 years. The sooner the therapy is applied, the bigger the possibility for better results. Frequent loss of visual acuity and the development of amblyopia (lazy eye) can occur if strabismus and its consequences are not treated at the age of 6-9 years. If the therapeutic procedures are started earlier, the possibility is greater for a better result. Refractive errors occur in a significant portion of the world's population, affecting both sexes and all ages. When it comes to affected children, refractive errors and vision disorders have a significant impact on their education, future employment and social well-being throughout life. Children may not complain of symptoms associated with their eyes and do not understand that they are not seeing well, but with active search and early detection of ocular abnormalities, ocular findings may indicate the presence of more serious conditions (retinoblastoma) early detection of these conditions can save lives. In addition to the need for a preschool screening program, the study of visual disorders in 7-year-old children with and without previous eye screening testifies, where the results showed that the risk of detecting a new significant visual disorder in first graders is 6 times higher for a child who was not examined. in his previous years, because the risk of detecting an amblyopic child is more than 10 times higher. Eye examinationsin the neonatal period are also important, they can not predict the occurrence of conditions that often occur afterthe infant period, such as accommodative esotropia. By then, additional vision problems could develop, and three-year-olds are already beginning to acquire communication skills that could enable them to be examined with methods used for adult eye examinations. Therefore, eye examinations / screenings are recommended before the age of three. An additional advantage of eye examination in this age group is that it allows intervention at a time when problems are highly susceptible to treatment. In R. Macedonia, since 2021 there is a regular program for preschool eye screening, through which amblyopia and many other refractive anomalies can be detected, most of which, if detected and treated early, are most reversible. |
