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Straipsnyje atkreipiamas dėmesys į vieną kontroversiškiausių Katalikų Bažnyčios šventųjų - šv. Filomeną, kurios palaikai atrasti 1802 m. Romos Priscilos katakombose. 1805 m. jos relikvijos perkeltos į Munjano (Mugnano) miestą, kur saugomos iki šiol. Kankinės kultas išplito Italijoje ir Prancūzijoje (dideliu jos kulto platintoju buvo Arso klebonas, šv. Jonas Marija Vianėjus), iš čia jis pasiekė ir kitas Europos šalis. XIX a. antroje pusėje šv. Filomena buvo viena mėgstamiausių katalikų šventųjų. 1961 m. dėl patikimų duomenų apie jos asmenį trūkumo šv. Filomenos šventė išbraukta iš Romos liturginio kalendoriaus, bet kultas gyvuoja iki šiol. Straipsnyje pristatoma šv. Filomenos kulto sklaida XIX a. Lietuvoje, aptariami žinomi jos atvaizdai. Pagrindinė ašis - Jono Zenkevičiaus 1861 m. nutapytas šv. Filomenos paveikslas Širvintų bažnyčios altoriui. The article draws attention to one of the most controversial saints of the Catholic Church - St. Philomena, whose remains were discovered in the Catacomb of Priscilla (Rome) in 1802. In 1961, her feasts were removed from all liturgical calendars; however, her cult is still alive. In 1805, the relics of St. Philomena were placed in the city of Mugnano del Cardinale, where they are still protected. Very soon, the newly discovered martyrs cult spread in Italy and France and later reached other European countries. John-Marie Vianney, the parson of Ars, was a great promoter of her cult. In the second half o f the 19th century, St. Philomena was one of the most popular saints of the Catholic Church, and her relics are subject to miraculous healing. The visions of the tertiary Dominican nun in 1833, to whom St. Philomena told the story of her life and martyrdom, greatly influenced the spread of the cult of St. Philomena. The article presents the spread of the cult of St. Philomena, the signs of devotion in Lithuania and discusses the reasons for the popularity of this cult. The main topic of the presentation is an altar painting "St. Philomena" by Jonas Zenkevičius for the church of Širvintos in 1861. The studies have shown that the message about the saint of the catacombs reached Lithuania rather quickly. The clergy encouraged the devotion to St. Philomena as well as the aristocracy and the emerging intellectuals. The revitalizing of the Catholic religious industriousness was likely related to the cult of St. Philomena as well as the hopes to strengthen the spiritual ties with Rome. The primary distribution means of the cult were religious literature, altar paintings and graphics. |
