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У статті обговорюються основні напрямки та завдання теоретичного синтезу в сучасній соціології. Наведено детальний розгляд рівнів аналізу в соціології, виокремлено основні онтологічні та методологічні дихотомії. The paper presents the critical, comparative and historic analysis of main sociological theories together with discussion of levels of analysis and main ontological dichotomies. It is shown by the historical analysis of classical sociological paradigms that the demand for the more comprehensive theoretical approach which would be able to overcome at least some of the main ontological or methodological dichotomies was never fulfilled. The author argues that the most productive way to build such approach will be through synthesizing structure and agency. At the same time, the new synthetic theory should not be viewed as a “new Great theory”. Instead, it should be regarded as ontological basis for more comprehensive and heuristic methodology for sociological practice and empirical research. Social reality’s phenomena and epiphenomena cannot be reduced to each other (as we cannot reduce structure to agency and vice versa). At the same time, it is impossible to fully explore one phenomenon in all multitudes of its relations and features, likewise, impossible to fully extract it from such a network of connections and relations. Among other foundations for synthesis the philosophical heritage, scholastics, and theology should be mentioned (from them the main dichotomies in sociology were inherited), as well as classical sociological tradition, which formulated sociological version of those dichotomies (as problem of order versus problem of action) and showed the first attempts to integrate those dichotomies, different levels of analysis, structure and agency. В статье обсуждаются основные направления и задания теоретического синтеза в современной социологии. Детально рассматриваются уровни анализа в социологии, выделяются основные онтологические и методологические дихотомии. |
