| Popis: |
Theconventional wastewater treatment plants are designed to remove macropollutants (biological and chemical oxygen demands, total solids, totalnitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, etc.) however, a great number ofmicropollutants having a concentration range from ng/L to µg/L are dischargedto receiving environments both in Turkey and abroad. Domestic, urban,industrial, and hospital wastewaters are the source of micropollutants. It hasbeen recently known that micropollutants have ecotoxic effects on theenvironment, while they have so many harmful health effects on human healthsuch as carcinogenic, endocrine disruptive, neurotoxic, and mutagenicity on thereproductive system, etc. In this study, biological (anaerobic/aerobicsequential biological reactor system) and membrane processes (UF and RO) wereoperated in laboratory conditions and the treatment efficiencies for brominated(α-HBCDD and PBEB) and phenolic (CIP and NDMA) micropollutants were calculatedfor raw hospital wastewater. The maximum removal efficiencies of α-HBCDD, PBEB,CIP, and NDMA were determined as 18.26%, 19.05%, 93.16%, and 96.42%,respectively at 55 days SRT in the anaerobic/aerobic sequential biologicalreactor system. The maximum removal efficiencies of α-HBCDD, PBEB, CIP, andNDMA were obtained as 36.8%, 36.4%, 6.2%, and 5.8%, respectively in UF at theoptimum experimental conditions. The maximum removal efficiencies of α-HBCDD,PBEB, CIP, and NDMA were found as 99.0%, 98.5%, 95.6%, and 95.3%, respectivelyin RO at the optimum experimental conditions. The total cost to treat 1 m3of raw hospital wastewater was calculated as 3.2 €, 0.7 €, and 0.7 € forbiological, UF, and RO processes, respectively. The most feasible treatment methodwas determined as the RO process for the studied micropollutants from rawhospital wastewater. RO gave the highest removal efficiencies (higher than 95%)with the cheapest price (0.7 €/ m3) in this study. |
