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Monetary policy requires the selection of a specific inflation measure. Because of serious methodological differences between competing inflation indices, the choice of a particular index may have serious consequences for money supply, interest rates and nominal GDP. This article describes the theoretical assumptions of three competing inflation measures (CPI, core inflation, and the GDP deflator) in the context of monetary policy goals. The theoretical analysis is focused on explaining the causes for the differences between competing inflation measures (especially in the context of supply-side shocks) and specifying situations when they are optimal. The empirical analysis stresses significant differences between competing inflation measures, both short and long-term. The article ends with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of different inflation measures in the context of central banking practices. The author presents his recommendations regarding the subject and his views about the future of inflation targeting. Polityka monetarna wymaga wyboru odpowiedniego miernika. W literaturze przedmiotu zauważa się wiele różnic metodologicznych dotyczących konstrukcji wskaźnika inflacji. Dobór wskaźnika może wpływać na podaż pieniądza, stopy procentowe oraz nominalne PKB. Celem artykułu jest bliższe przyjrzenie się trzem najczęściej stosowanym wskaźnikom cen i poddanie ich ocenie w kontekście prowadzenia polityki monetarnej. W tym celu analizie empirycznej poddano gospodarki dwóch krajów – Japonii i USA. |
