World Bank Group Support to Electricity Access, FY2000-2014 : An Independent Evaluation
| Autor: | Independent Evaluation Group |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
WIND TURBINES WIND FARMS INVESTMENT CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION GLOBAL EMISSIONS RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT RENEWABLE GENERATION GASES GRID ELECTRICITY SERVICE RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS APPROACH GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ENERGY DEVELOPMENT GRID CONNECTIONS EMPLOYMENT WATER POWER DEMAND EMISSIONS PILOT PROJECTS FOSSIL RENEWABLE ENERGY KEROSENE CONSUMPTION INVESTMENTS ACCESS TO ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY TARIFFS CONVENTIONAL GENERATION DIESEL SOLAR CELLS ELECTRIFICATION ELECTRICITY DEMAND SURPLUS POWER ENERGY GENERATION OIL OPTIONS GAS POWER SYSTEM ELECTRIC POWER BALANCE ACTIVITIES SOLAR HOME SYSTEM GENERATION CAPACITY BIOGAS TURBINES RURAL ELECTRIC HYDRO POWER GREENHOUSE GAS PIPELINE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SMALL POWER PRODUCERS POWER PLANTS TARIFF HYDROPOWER ELECTRICITY GENERATION CAPACITY RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION POLLUTION PRICES TRANSMISSION LINE POWER GRID FUEL SUPPLY VOLTAGE ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT POWER CAPACITY ENERGY POLICIES FUEL OIL RETAIL ELECTRICITY POWER PROJECT ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION SOLAR ELECTRIFICATION GRID CONNECTION POST-CONFLICT POWER PRODUCERS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THERMAL POWER FOSSIL FUEL ELECTRIC POWER DEMAND SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS GENERATION ENERGY MIX CLIMATE CHANGE ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RURAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POWER SECTOR FUEL RURAL ENERGY ELECTRICITY TAX INCENTIVES BIOMASS POWER PRODUCER ENERGY ELECTRIC SUPPLY ELECTRICITY GENERATION KILOWATT-HOUR POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION SOLAR LANTERNS RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FACILITIES ELECTRIC SERVICES IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY RESOURCES FINANCIAL COVENANTS KEROSENE LAMPS AIR POLLUTION DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ELECTRICITY UTILITY THERMAL POWER PLANTS CONNECTED HOUSEHOLDS ENERGY USE EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT ELECTRICITY SYSTEM SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY PRICE GAS DEVELOPMENT GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE SOURCE GREENHOUSE GASES GRID ELECTRICITY GRID EXPANSION POWER RENEWABLE SOURCES SOLAR PANELS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION HEAT POWER SHORTAGES POWER GENERATION SUSTAINABLE ENERGY KEROSENE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NATURAL GAS UTILITIES POWER CORPORATION SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE WIND FARM ELECTRICITY TARIFF GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY UTILITY CHARGES ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY HEAVY FUEL OIL GRID ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY AVAILABILITY HEAT SUPPLY GAS DISTRIBUTION AIR QUALITY WIND POWER DISTRIBUTION ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS POWER COMPANY GRID EXTENSION RENEWABLE RESOURCES ENERGY SOURCES BATTERIES RURAL ELECTRIFICATION GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS ELECTRICITY UTILITIES |
| Popis: | The World Bank Group has committed to achieving universal access to electricity by 2030 under the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative. This is a daunting challenge: more than 1 billion people do not have access, and another 1 billion have chronically inadequate or unreliable service. Most of those without access are poor, and the largest share is in Sub-Saharan Africa. Achieving universal access within 15 years for the low-access countries (those with under 50 percent coverage) requires a quantum leap from their present pace of 1.6 million connections per year to 14.6 million per year until 2030. The investment needed would be about $37 billion per year, including erasing generation deficits and meeting demand from economic growth. By comparison, in recent years, low-access countries received an average of $3.6 billion per year for their electricity sectors from public and private sources, including $1.5 billion per year from the World Bank Group. Development outcomes of the Bank Group’s assistance were generally favorable compared with other infrastructure sectors. However, performance in improving financial viability of country electricity sectors was below expectations. There were significant gaps in the Bank Group’s coverage of low-access countries, mostly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Median implementation time of World Bank investment projects was nine years, with time overruns attributable to inadequate project design and borrower capacity. Support for off-grid electrification was low and sporadic, with a few notable exceptions. The Bank Group’s growing non-conventional renewable energy portfolio is dealing with technology and regulatory challenges. Tracking welfare and gender impacts in World Bank projects has improved, and International Finance Corporation (IFC) has made a beginning in addressing these issues. The Bank made some significant pilot contributions to addressing the affordability of electricity connections. Collaboration grew among World Bank, IFC, and MIGA through joint projects, which helps break ground for the private sector in some high-risk and fragile countries, and supports a few large and complex projects. The scale of the SE4All challenge requires the Bank Group to reposition itself as a global solutions provider in the sector, going well beyond the confines of its own direct support for access. This evaluation points to the urgency for the Bank Group‘s energy practice to adopt a new and transformative strategy to help country clients orchestrate a national, sustained sector-level engagement for universal access. A major challenge in this effort is to deploy the Bank Group units’ individual and collective strengths beyond Bank Group–led projects and transactions to stimulate private sector investments for closing the financing gap, especially in generation, for low-access countries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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