Infrastructure in Conflict-Prone and Fragile Environments : Evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo
| Autor: | Ali, Rubaba, Barra, A. Federico, Berg, Claudia N., Damania, Richard, Nash, John D., Russ, Jason |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
MEASURES
COSTS PER VEHICLE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM TAX INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMIC GROWTH INTERNAL WAR CONVENTION RAILWAYS ROAD PROJECTS BOTTLENECKS ROUTES RURAL HOUSEHOLDS AGRICULTURAL LAND ROAD IMPROVEMENT CARS TRANSPORTATION COST LAND USE COST OF TRANSPORT POOR TRANSPORTATION COSTS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION INCOME INVESTMENTS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE VEHICLE BETTER ACCESS TO MARKETS INDEPENDENCE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK NATIONS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RULE OF LAW CIVIL WAR VIOLENT CONFLICT NUTRITIONAL STATUS MALNUTRITION FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS CAR POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY HIGHWAY SYSTEM REBELS WELFARE INDICATORS AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS WAR WALKING VIOLENCE FARMERS REHABILITATION RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL ROAD POVERTY IMPACT ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION ROAD QUALITY ARMED CONFLICT GOVERNMENT CONTROL PEACE WARFARE SANITATION AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC TRANSFERS TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES RURAL AREAS EXPLOITATION GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT RECONSTRUCTION CIVIL WARS VEHICLE SPEED TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK ELASTICITY SUBSISTENCE FARMERS POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY INDEX BATTLES WARS RISKS FATALITY TRAVEL SPEED CROP PRODUCTION HIGHWAYS INEQUALITY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS ECONOMIC SANCTIONS REBEL WEALTH POLARIZATION TRANSPORT NETWORK RURAL RESIDENCE LOCAL CONFLICT FUEL ACCESSIBILITY ACCESS TO MARKETS TRAVEL COSTS ROUTE FUNDS FOR ROADS POLITICAL ECONOMY IMPACT OF TRANSPORT ROADS POVERTY DYNAMICS TRAVEL TIME PEDESTRIAN ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES CONSTRAINT HIGHWAY FARMLAND FARM HOUSEHOLDS ACCESS TO SERVICES TRAVEL BATTLE INFRASTRUCTURES HUMAN CAPITAL FATALITIES NUTRITION NATION PRICE OF FUEL REMOTE COMMUNITIES RURAL AREA HOUSEHOLD INCOME ECONOMY TRAFFIC RURAL ROADS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT INTERNATIONAL BANK EXPERTS TRANSPORT COSTS ROAD TYPE ROAD TRAFFIC CONFLICTS CONFLICT FOREIGN AID RURAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION RAILROADS POPULATION DENSITY CHILD MORTALITY HOUSEHOLD HEAD UNIVERSITY ROAD TRANSPORT |
| Popis: | In conflict-prone situations, access to markets is necessary to restore economic growth and generate the preconditions for peace and reconstruction. Hence, the rehabilitation of damaged transport infrastructure has emerged as an overarching investment priority among donors and governments. This paper brings together two distinct strands of literature on the effects of conflict on welfare and on the economic impact of transport infrastructure. The theoretical model explores how transport infrastructure affects conflict incidence and welfare when selection into rebel groups is endogenous. The implications of the model are tested with data from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The analysis addresses the problems of the endogeneity of transport costs and conflict using a novel set of instrumental variables. For transport costs, a new instrument is developed, the natural-historical path, which measures the most efficient travel route to a market, taking into account topography, land cover, and historical caravan routes. Recognizing the imprecision in measuring the geographic impacts of conflict, the analysis develops a spatial kernel density function to proxy for the incidence of conflict. To account for its endogeneity, it is instrumented with ethnic fractionalization and distance to the eastern border. A variety of indicators of well-being are used: a wealth index, a poverty index, and local gross domestic product. The results suggest that, in most situations, reducing transport costs has the expected beneficial impacts on all the measures of welfare. However, when there is intense conflict, improvements in infrastructure may not have the anticipated benefits. The results suggest the need for more nuanced strategies that take into account varying circumstances and consider actions that jointly target governance with construction activities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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