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Bali Cattle is one of the local cattle in Indonesia, which has great potential to be developed. Bali cattle have also found in other countries such as Malaysia [1]. Each slaughter of Bali cattle produced waste that could potentially generate hair waste. In Indonesia, skin of Bali Cattle partly processed into industrial products by the skin crackers. Crackers processing industry of Bali cattle skin is one of the small industrial business units in Indonesia. In the production process, this industry resulted in waste of hair are mostly still containing tissue of the skin (epidermis layer) and meat tissues. The waste is so far untapped and largely still disposed around industrial areas. In terms of chemical composition, this waste were dominated by protein, fat and water so it is potentially experiencing a process of decay and damage the environment, if the handling does not support [2]. The initial of proposing team result showed that the potential hair waste from skin cracker industry is quite significant. The percentage of waste hair of Bali Cattle can reach 3% of body weight. If 10 pieces/day was to process of Cali catlle, average body weight of 250 kg, the potential for hair produced up to 10 x 250 kg x 3% = 75 kg/day or 2.250 kg /month ??? 2.3 tons /month [3]. Production process of hair concentrate from waste of skin crackers industrial has not been widely studied. Hair of Bali cattle has major structural keratin that different from keratin in wool, hooves and horns. Hair can be an alternative source of protein, especially for monogastric animals [4], as well as a source of nutrients for plants [5]. Utilization of by-products of cattle has been widely studied by previous researchers. In addition to hair waste, utilization of by-products of animal bones has also been developed as a material for producing a food supplement for humans [6]. Collagen products that the result of the extraction process chicken bones has been tested in experimental animals. The results show that, the collagen from the bone broiler can be consumed by humans safely at certain dose [7]. Utilization of by-products such as poultry manure also has potential as raw material for organic fertilizer on the soil. Manure of poultry is very effective to improve the condition of agricultural land, especially rice plants [8]. The potential use of waste of livestock as animal feed showed a very significant development. The research objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and macrostructure of hair concentrate produced from waste of skin crackers industry in various production processes. The research material using 1 kg of hair waste of Bali cattle, male aged 2.5-3 years. Skin of Bali cattle was cooking at temperature of 90??C for 1 hour to process hair closing. Waste hair washed and dried by oven at 60??C for 24 hours. Soaking material was using 0.5M NaOH at concentration of 10% and 20% (v/v). Total of 5 g samples of hair waste of Bali Cattle respectively inserted into NaOH 0.5M as soaked solution. The samples were stored for 2 days and 6 days. Samples were drying in an oven on temperature of 100??C for 8 hours and then ground using a blender. The study conducted using experimentally design with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and then analyzed by ANOVA. The treatment shows real effect then tested by Duncan'S Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The result showed that different concentrations of NaOH 0.5M in soaking of hair waste significant effect on the protein content and ash, but no effect on the water, fat and crude fiber content. The time difference has significant effect on the protein content. There is no interaction between the using of the concentration of NaOH 0.5M at the time of soaking in chemical characteristics of hair concentrate. Based on the macrostructure analysis was show that the tissue structure in the hair concentrates shorter than hair waste (without treatment/control). Based on the results and discussion can be concluded that, soaking process was using combination of 20% (v/v) of NaOH 0.5M for 6 days (C20;T6) shows the chemical characteristics better than other treatments and control. By microstructure, hair concentrate produced has a soft texture with a tissue structure of hair shorter than control. |
