| Popis: |
Human hormonal drugs are used to adjust the function of the endocrine system, therapeutics of hormone-dependent tumours, or as part of contraceptive and anti-inflammatory preparations. Those pharmaceuticals contain active substances structurally and chemically similar to endogenous hormones. Above mentioned drugs and their residuals can get into the wastewater after they are metabolised in the human body, or by the illegal disposal of them, and they are removed in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The most efficient technologies for removing hormonal drugs, particular oestrogens, from wastewater are ozonolysis and sonolysis. Concentrations in wastewater are determined by gas and liquid chromatography. The concentration of oestrogens in the waters of the Czech Republic (Vltava River) is ranging from 1.3 to 3.8 ng / l, and their levels in drinking water does not mean an increased health risk for consumers. The effects of oestrogen residuals are demonstrable on aquatic organisms, such as changes in the regulation of endocrine system, reproductive disorders and disorders in embryogenesis. |
